STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETF. 51 



all varieties equally well in all soils. We should use special fer- 

 tilizers ; because some soils naturally have one or more of the 

 above constituents in excess of what a given variety requires, 

 while they are deficient in some one or more of the other elements 

 required. Thus some varieties are unable to take advantage of 

 general fertilizers and fail to mature their fruit, and while they 

 blossom and set their fruit well, drop it prematurely. We should 

 therefore aim to ascertain what elements are lacking, and supply 

 them ; otherwise we may be like the man who "carried coals to 

 Newcastle," giving the soil elements which it already has in abun- 

 dance, while we neglect to provide for what is really lacking. 



In planting an orchard, consult your locality and the conditions 

 of your soil, and seek for a few of the best sorts that will give you 

 the most profit for the labor bestowed. Feed persistently, and do 

 not try to grow good fruit from nothing, as many do. The Rhode 

 Island Greening, Northern Sp3^ Yellow Bellflower, Fall Harvey, 

 Talman Sweet, and the Sweet Vandevere, are hardy, yearly bear- 

 ers and profitable shipping apples. 



Now it must be conceded that good yearly bearers are more 

 profitable than alternate bearers ; that in planting an orchard for 

 market and profit we should seek for annual bearers that will suit 

 the tastes of the people and the demands of trade, and those that 

 will bring the highest remuneration ; even if we have to entirely 

 ignore our own preferences or tastes. 



Of pears, I regard as the best winter varieties the Glout Mor- 

 ceau. Vicar of Winkfield, Lawrence and Beurre Langelier ; as the 

 best for autumn, Maria Louise and Beurre d'Anjou ; early autumn, 

 Flemish Beauty, Bartlett and Clapp's Favorite ; and for summer, 

 Doyenne d'Ete and Beurre d'Assumption. 



In speaking of varieties of apples for shipping purposes, I can 

 do no better than to call your attention to a short paragraph taken 

 from the Maine Farmer, entitled "American Apples in England," 

 which says : 



" The London (Eng.) Garden — edited by Mr. Wm. Robinson — 

 acknowledges the receipt of a collection of American apples for- 

 warded by Messrs. Elwanger & Barry of Rochester, New York, 

 ' packed in a barrel, without spot or injury of any kind.' The 

 editor says : 'At the present season fDec. 14th), in London, we 

 have no apples that can compare with the high and delicate flavor 

 of the best of those sent to us.' The apples named are King of 

 Tompkins, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Jonathan, Northern Spy, Bald- 



