22 



GARDEN CRAFT IN EUROPE 



this time were considered quite a novelty. The garden was reconstructed in 

 143 1 hy the English Regent, Bedford, who, we are told, introduced holly 

 trees and planted many hundred elms. Charles V appears to have been a 

 great: patron of gardeners, and a rare volume dedicated to him, entitled Des 

 ■pratiffits Champestres et Ruraulx^ by one Pierre de Croistens, was recently sold 

 from the library of the Earl of Cork and Orrery. It deals at length with 





RAISED SEAT SURROUNDING AN ENCLOSURE 

 FROM "the ROMAUNT OF THE ROSE." 





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A GARDEN POOL AND CHANNEL FROM 

 "the ROMAUNT OF THE ROSE." 



flower gardens, with the planting and pruning of trees, ploughing, and 

 threshing corn. 



During the reigns of Charles VIII and Louis XII great changes took 

 place in garden design in France. As property became more secure, life 

 became more sedentary. Considerable progress was made in the cultivation 

 of plants, and above all the increased use of artillery necessitated great altera- 

 tions in the planning of castles. They were made much more habitable and 

 a less severe aspect was given to them, but still a large space was invariably 

 left free immediately round the castle to prevent sudden attack and in order 



