40 



GARDEN CRAFT IN EUROPE 



painter, architect and engineer, did not consider it beneath them to be 

 also the designers of gardens. Amongst the most beautiful villas were those 

 of Cardinal d'Este at Monte Cavallo, the Villa of Pope Julius, the Farnese 

 gardens, and those of Cardinal Riario at Trastevere and of Cesio outside 

 the Porta del Popolo. Bramante was engaged in laying out the gardens 

 of the Vatican ; and Raphael, with San Gallo, was creating the Villa Madama 



THE VILLA MEDICI IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. FROM AN ENGRAVING BY FALDA, l6jO. 



for Margaret, Duchess of Parma, upon the slopes of Monte Mario just 

 outside Rome. In spite of the alterations that have taken place from time 

 to time the Vatican gardens retain many traces of the works carried out 

 at this period. Quite their most interesting feature is the delightful little 

 garden paviHon known as the Villa Pia (of which the entrance is illus.,p. 37). 

 There are few more charming examples of garden architecture than this 

 exquisite little work which Pirro Ligorio designed for Pope Julius IV in 1560. 



