50 



GARDEN CRAFT IN EUROPE 



a place of retirement when the summer heat, unbearable in cities, begets 

 a craving for shade amid the sound and sight of water, which everywhere 

 occupies a foremost place in the garden scheme. 



It was in 1549 that Ippolito d'Este, Cardinal of Ferrara, having been 

 appointed governor of Tivoli hy Pope Paul III, decided to take up his 

 residence there ; he called to his aid Pirro Ligorio, the architect of the pictur- 



VILLA d'eSTE, tivoli, IN l^JS- 



esque little Villa Pia in the Vatican garden. The Villa is most beautifully 

 situated with an extensive view over towering cypress spires and silvery 

 waves of olive woods and ilexes to the vast stretches of the Campagna, and 

 the Sabine mountains faint on the distant horizon. .Much of the land had 

 to be acquired from the municipality to lay out the garden, and according 

 to Uberto Faglietta, writing in 1629, a considerable part of the village had 

 to be demolished. The Villa was intended only as a summer residence, and. 



