GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN GARDENS 



247 



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became the residence of the Counts Palatine, under whom the gardens were 

 chiefly devoted to the cultivation of fruit and vegetables. Karl Ludwig, 

 the hereditary Prince of Pfalz, who had spent his early youth in Holland, 

 ordered the gardens to be laid out in close imitation of the Dutch, but his 

 son in 1682 transformed his father's kitchen gardens into parterres, and 

 denuded the Royal gardens of Mannheim of their lemon and orange trees. 

 Its glories lasted but a short time, and Schwetzingen fell a victim to the 

 desolation of war. The garden exists to-day as it was replanned 

 in the early eighteenth century by Johann Belling, Court gardener of 

 Diisseldorf, when a 

 sum of 1,500 gulden 

 was set apart every 

 month for their up- 

 keep. There was an 

 immense parterre and 

 in its centre a great 

 fountain, afterwards 

 presented to the town 

 of Mannheim. In 

 1722 a number of 

 statues were brought 

 from the old Heidel- 

 berg gardens. Two 

 years later, in the 

 autumn of 1724, the 

 whole of the Diissel- 

 dorf orangery, 



THE ORANGERY AT HERRENHAUSEN. 



over 



700 plants in all, was conveyed by ship down the Rhine, amongst them 

 447 orange trees, pomegranates, laurels and myrtles, with 100 Spanish 

 jasmines. The parterres were planted with Dutch tulips, hyacinths, 

 auriculas, stocks and pinks, the fashion of the day being to intro- 

 duce more colour in the parterres and to impregnate them with the 

 scent of orange blossom and flowers. In 1726 further land was added, 

 and Schwetzingen became one of the most famous gardens of its day. 

 In 1748 the gardens were again extended by the Elector Karl Theodor, 

 and immense numbers of limes, planes, and elms were brought from the 



