3o8 



GARDEN CRAFT IN EUROPE 



the absurd excesses into which the new system had fallen. In 1830 Boitard 

 published a more practical volume, V Art de composer et decorer les Jardins. 

 In Germany, quite as much as in France, the EngHsh School became the 

 fashion. The first " English garden " to start the fashion was that at Munich, 

 laid out in 1789 under the direction of Count Rumford by Louis Sckell, who 

 afterwards had a great reputation as a landscape gardener. At Sans Souci 

 Frederick William IV soon began to alter the designs of his ancestors and 

 to set up sham ruins, a mausoleum, Roman baths and even a Japanese house. 

 His example was followed at all the Royal Palaces in Germany, at Nymphen- 

 burg in Bavaria, Wilhelmshohe near Cassel, Laxenbourg and Ludenbourg in 



THE FORECOURT AT MALMAISON. 



Austria. All through the nineteenth century the landscape style has been fol- 

 lowed in Germany, resulting everywhere in gardens so uninteresting and appal- 

 ling as to make us long for the old court gardens of the seventeenth and eigh- 

 teenth centuries. Loudon, writing in the early nineteenth century, says that 

 " there are specimens of English gardening more or less extensive in or near 

 the capital towns of every state in Germany, but by far the greater number 

 are of very inferior description ; they have a distracting confusion arising from 

 too many buildings and walks, and are crowded with winding sanded paths 

 continually intersecting each other, little clumps, and useless seats or temples ; 

 the defects of the English style are copied more than the beauties." 



