J MISC. I'l'BLICATIOX 8, U. S. DEPT. OK AGRICULTURE 



RANGE- LIVESTOCK PROGRAM 



1. CULL FEMALES. KEEP THE BEST FOR BREEDING. 



2. HIGHER PERCENTAGE CALF AND LAMB CROP. 



3. BETTER GRAZING METHODS. 



4. RANCH BUSINESS RECORD KEEPING. 



5. GRADING FOR MARKETING. 



Pig. 1. — Portion of a poster displaying the iinportiint features of the Western 



States riinue-livestock extension prnfjrani 



Duriii^^ the afiricultiirul depression that followed the war the 

 problem appeared to be more a matter of what to produce, how 

 much to produce, and Avhere to ])roduce it. rather than merely to 

 improve i)roductive j)rocesse.'^. In this new field neither the State 

 experiment stations nor the Federal Department of Airriciilture had 

 any considerable or<rnnizod barkirroiind of research upon which to 

 base projects. OrL^tnizcd investigation in agricultural economics, 

 marketin*;, and fiiiin luanaiiemcnt is comi)arati\cly new. 



About iU'22 a third phase of extension pro«rram making be<j;an, 

 which may be called a period of fact-determined jirojirams. These 

 dilfer fundamentally from the predetermined and self-determined 

 types, since their ol)jertive is to atfect the character, location, and 

 size of farm enterprises rather than their interior processes. The 

 makinfr of such pro^rranis turned tlie attention of extension workers 

 toward the field of a<i:i-icultural economics, particularly farm man- 

 a<rement. Preliminary to a fact-determined extension program in 

 any section there must necessarily be an assembly, or<^anization, and 

 interpretation of the available facts relatin*^ to the farmin<r industry 

 as a whole on either a regional or an <'nterprise basis, or both. Many 



