THETi: PHARACTKi; AND Oli.IKC'T. 437 



the large societies— those specially active were Mr. A. T. 

 Hatch, Mr, L. W. Buck, Mr. H. P. Livermore, Mr. W. H. 

 Aiken, and Mr. H. Weinstock. These earliest pioneers are 

 specially worthy of mention, from the fact that they were the 

 first to break ground. In tlio organization of the Citrus 

 Associations of the southern counties, all will agree that Mr. 

 T. H. B. Chamblin, of Riverside, was the principal factor. He 

 never, I think, served as a working officer of an established 

 society. Mr. A. H. Naftzger has, for many years, been presi- 

 dent of these Associated Citrus Exchanges, and can show 

 abundant evidence of his effectiveness in the vigor with which 

 he is denounced by outsiders. In the dried-fruit trade, the 

 pioneer (successful) organization was the West Side Fruit 

 Growers' Union in Santa Clara County, whose first president 

 was Colonel Philo Hersey, of Santa Clara, who has also been 

 president of the Santa Clara County Fruit Exchange from its 

 first organization. The first meeting of cooperators which I 

 ever attended, and which was a very large one, resulting in 

 the organization of the Santa Clara County Fruit Exchange, 

 was called to order by Mr. F. M. Righter, of Campbell, and 

 the principal address w^as by Colonel Hersey, then president 

 of the West Side Union, which had been in existence for a 

 year. These two were then undoubtedly the principal leaders 

 in cooperation in the dried-fruit trade. The organization of 

 that industry in the southern counties has been mainly due to 

 Mr. A. R. Sprague, of Los Angeles. In the raisin industry, in 

 the San Joaquin Valley, cooperative work began with local 

 packing associations, of which but two or three lasted long. 

 Attempts w^ere made every year or two to unite the entire 

 raisin industry in one organization, which, however, did not 

 succeed until 1898. I spent a portion of one winter among 

 them in aid of one of these efforts, and some of the men then 

 most active were Professor D. T. Fowler, now of Berkeley, Dr. E. 

 S. Eshelman, Alexander Gordon, and John S. Dore, of Fresno, 

 Mr. F. W. Rowell, of Easton, and Mr. B. E. Hutchinson, of 

 Fowler; and presumably these had been leaders from the 

 beginning; and there are, doubtless, others equally entitled to 

 mention. In the final crystallization of almost the entire 



