HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION 11 



Hoare, of Cork, has not seen any cases in that 

 district. From answers to other inquiries in Ireland, 

 we suspect that many more cases occur than are 

 recognized. 



The Channel Islands are known to suffer heavy 

 losses from Johne's disease, and are also remarkable 

 for the scarcity of cases of tuberculosis in cattle. 

 We have received most interesting information from 

 Le Sueur of St. Heliers, who with Olaf Bang has in- 

 vestigated many cases of the disease. 



He writes that he sees in his district, on the island 

 of Jersey, about twenty-five cases a year, but rarely 

 more than four on one farm. Only one breed of cattle 

 is kept — Jersey — and the disease occurs most commonly 

 in cows about two and a half years old, frequently after 

 their first calf. He writes : " Johne's disease on the 

 island chiefly affects young stock, and heifers after 

 their first calving, and especially those reared on 

 boggy land. Likewise among farmers who are milk- 

 sellers, which means that they feed their calves, not 

 on milk, but on some condiment, the animals being 

 rather underfed. I also believe there is some tendency 

 to hereditary transmission, having noticed many cases 

 in the same family. I have also found that mature 

 healthy animals (cows of five to six years old), when 

 put on an infected farm, do not develop the disease." 



The occurrence of the disease upon marshy or boggy 

 land is generally recognized. Bang has found it 

 prevalent in low-lying districts. Townsend finds it 

 very common in the Fen districts of Lincolnshire, and 

 many other observers (Le Sueur, Edwards, Scott) are 

 agreed upon this point. Le Sueur writes : " The 

 disease is unknown on some parts of the island — on 

 high lands and under good farmers." 



With regard to the prevalence of the disease in sheep 



