SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS 23 



actinomycosis of the tongue or maxillae. The initial 

 quantity of infective material taken in, and the fre- 

 quency with which the infection is repeated, will, of 

 course, play a considerable part in determining the 

 severity of the symptoms and the time of their appear- 

 ance. 



In no case have we been able to ascertain that the 

 act of rumination is suspended, or that there is a rise 

 of temperature for any length of time. Most authors 

 agree that the temperature rarely rises above normal, 

 and that it is often subnormal, though in some cases 

 Male has noticed a temperature of from 103° to 105° F. 

 Angwin has rarely found it above 101° F. The possi- 

 bility that fever, in cases of Johne's disease, may be 

 due to some coexisting disease, such as tuberculosis, 

 or to secondary infection with intestinal bacteria, must 

 not be forgotten. In a naturally affected animal at the 

 Brown Institution, kept under close observation for 

 over twelve months, the temperature was almost 

 always subnormal in the morning — about 99° F. — and 

 rarely, if ever, rose above 103° F. Nor, in inoculated 

 calves, has any important rise of temperature been 

 noted that could not be attributed to some temporary 

 digestive derangement or coexisting tuberculosis, etc. 



Consequently, there are none of the classical symp- 

 toms of fever, and, unless the animal is also suffering 

 from tuberculosis or pulmonary strongylosis (Hoosej, 

 there is no cough. The muzzle is moist, and the eyes 

 are bright, though they may be sunken from the 

 absence of intra-orbital fat. In advanced cases, the 

 mucous membranes are pale and anaemic. The pulse 

 is sometimes weak, and may be faster than normal. 



As a rule the appetite is unimpaired, and the animal 

 ruminates to the end. Even when very badly affected 

 a cow will usually eat cake or corn, though hay may be 



