SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS 31 



tosis of the bowel ; the animal showed all the symp- 

 toms of pseudo-tuberculous enteritis, and the true 

 cause of the symptoms was only discovered on post- 

 mortem examination. This condition is probably 

 sufficiently rare to be ignored from a practical point 

 of view, though, from a pathological standpoint, the 

 case is of interest. 



Strongylosis. — Cattle and sheep, especially young 

 stock, are frequently the hosts of various species of 

 strongyles. These small parasites — worms, as they 

 are commonly called — vary in length from 3 to 4 milli- 

 metres up to 20 to 30 millimetres, and they inhabit the 

 abomasum, or fourth stomach, and the small intestine. 

 There are numerous varieties, of which the com- 

 monest are : 



In cattle ... Strongy his convohthts^ S. gracilis. 

 In sheep ... Stro7igylus cei^vicornis, S. contortus. 



The distinguishing features of these worms are their 

 size, and the markings on their caudal appendages or 

 bursae. They affect sheep up to a year old, and some- 

 times adult animals ; they also affect cattle up to two 

 and a half years old. In adult animals their effects are 

 very much less marked. The chief symptoms of their 

 presence are diarrhoea, wasting, loss of appetite, fever, 

 and thirst. As a rule, a number of animals are at- 

 tacked at the same time, and in lambs the course of 

 the disease is very rapid, and the mortality very high. 

 In cattle the affection takes a more chronic course. 

 The affected beasts shows signs of anaemia ; their 

 coats are rough and their skin inelastic (hidebound). 

 There is a foetid watery diarrhoea, and cases may 

 be mistaken for tuberculosis or Johne's disease. 

 M'Fadyean, Sheather, and Edwards have recorded 

 a case of Johne's disease, in a Welsh ewe, in which 



