34 JOHNKS DISEASE 



through a rounding-up and collection of the cytoplasm 

 into a granular ball-shaped mass lying within the 

 doubly contoured cell of the oocyst. In such cases a 

 clear space appears to intervene between the envelope 

 of the cyst and its contents. A nucleus of fair size 

 can usually be distinguished in fresh preparations." 

 From this account of the coccidium, given by Jowett, 

 who investigated cases at Capetown, it is obvious that 

 an examination of the faeces of affected animals should 

 allow a diagnosis to be made easily. Small pieces 

 of mucus from the bowel may contain innumerable 

 oocysts. 



In Switzerland, where the condition is not rare, and 

 where it has been studied by Hess and Guillebeau, it 

 most frequently attacks animals at grass ; on a pasture 

 or in a cowshed it may spread in rapid succession 

 from one animal to another until the majority or all 

 of the cattle become affected. It is most commonly 

 met with in summer or autumn. The coccidia are 

 supposed to be taken into the alimentary tract with 

 the food and water, and by migrating into the epi- 

 thelium they set up a severe inflammation (Friedberger 

 and Frohner). The lesions are those of acute enter- 

 itis ; the bowel contents may contain blood and the 

 mucous membrane may be swollen, and in some places 

 may show haemorrhages. 



Ostertag states that Maske commonly found coc- 

 cidia, which caused tubercles about the size of a pin's 

 head, in the fourth stomach and intestines of sheep. 

 No mention is made of their causing symptoms, but 

 more recently Martin has found coccidia in the intes- 

 tines of young kids similar to those already described 

 by Marotel under the name of Coccidium Arloingi. 

 "The internal aspect of the intestine was strewn with 

 a large number of small nodules or tumours . . . re- 



