UNGULATA. 517 



the males they usually constitute formidable tusks projecting 

 from the sides of the mouth. The molars vary from three to 



^ *y tj >y 



seven on each side of the mouth ( -^- or --). The stom- 



$ ^ O I I 



ach is mostly slightly divided, and is not nearly so complex 

 as in the Ruminants. The snout is truncated and cylindrical, 

 and is capable of considerable movement. The skin is more 

 or less abundantly covered with hair, and the tail is very short, 

 or represented only by a tubercle. 



Of the true Swine, the best known and most important is the 

 Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), from which it is probable that all our 

 domestic varieties of swine have sprung. The Wild Boar 

 formerly inhabited this country, and is still abundant in many 

 of the forests of Europe. It is often hunted, and the size and 

 sharpness of its canines render it a tolerably formidable adver- 

 sary, as is also its congener, the Indian Hog (Sus Indicus). 

 Another curious form, closely related to the Wild Boar, is the 

 Babyroussa (Sus Babyrussa), which inhabits the Malayan Pen- 

 insula, and some of the islands of the Indian Archipelago. It 

 is remarkable for the great size and backward curvature of the 

 upper canines. 



The African Wart-hogs, forming the genus Phacoch&rus, are 

 distinguished by having a fleshy wart under each eye. They 

 inhabit Abyssinia, the Guinea coast, and other parts of Africa. 



The American Peccaries (Dicotyles) represent the Swine of 

 the Old World. They are singular for having only three toes 

 on the hind-feet, the outer of the two supplemental hoofs being 

 wanting. They are exclusively confined to America, and the 

 commonest species is the Collared Peccary (Dicotyks torquatiis}. 

 They are not at all unlike small pigs either in their appearance 

 or in their habits, and they are gregarious, generally occurring 

 in small flocks. 



Forming a kind of transition between the Swine and the true 

 Ruminants, is the extinct group of the Anoplotheridce, from the 

 Lower Tertiary Rocks. The Anoplotheria were slender in 

 form, with long tails, and feet terminated by two hoofed toes 

 each, sometimes with small accessory hoofs. The dentition 

 consisted of six incisors in each jaw, small canines not larger 

 than the incisors, and seven molars on each side, there being 

 no interval or diastema between the molars and the canines. 



RUMINANTIA. 



The last section of the Artiodactyle Ungulates is the great 

 and natural group of the Ruminantia^ or Ruminant animals. 



