556 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



Rock of Gibraltar, all the Catarhina are natives of Africa 

 and Asia. 



There are three well-marked groups or tribes of the Cata- 

 rhine Monkeys. In the first of these the tail is long, and 

 there are both cheek-pouches and natal callosities. In this 

 tribe is the genus Semnopithecus, all the species of which are 

 natives of Asia and its islands. One of the best-known species 

 is the Sacred Monkey of the Hindoos (Semnopithecus entellus). 

 Closely allied to the Semnopithed is the genus Colobus, in 

 which alone, of all the Catarhine Monkeys, the pollex is either 

 altogether absent or totally rudimentary. Also referable to 

 this division is the genus Macacus or Inuus (comprising the 

 Macaques), which includes most of the Monkeys which are 

 ordinarily brought to this country. It is a Macaque which 

 occurs at the Rock of Gibraltar, and is the only wild Monkey 

 which is found in Europe at the present day. 



The second tribe of the Catarhine Monkeys is that of the 

 Baboons (Cynocephalus and Papio}. In these forms the tail is 

 often short, and is often quite rudimentary. The head is large, 

 and the muzzle is greatly prolonged, having the nostrils at its 

 extremity. The natal callosities are generally large and con- 

 spicuous, and usually of some bright colour. The Baboons 

 are large strong animals, extremely unattractive in outward 

 appearance, and of great ferocity. More than any other of 

 the Monkeys, they employ the fore-limbs in terrestrial pro- 

 gression, running upon all fours with the greatest ease. They 

 are all inhabitants of Africa, and one of them, the Mandrill 

 (Papio Maimoii), attains very nearly the height of a man. 



The third family of the Catarhine Monkeys is that of the 

 Anthropomorphous or Anthropoid Apes, so called from their 

 making a nearer approach in anatomical structure to man than 

 is the case with any other Mammal. The members of this 

 family are Apes, in which there is no tail, and cheek-pouches 

 are absent, whilst in some cases there are also no natal callos- 

 ities. The hind-limbs are short shorter than the fore-limbs 

 and the animal can progress in an erect or semi -erect 

 position. At the same time, the thumbs of the hind -feet 

 (hallux) are opposable to the other digits, so that the hind- 

 feet are prehensile hands. The spine shows a single curve, 

 and articulates with the back part of the skull. The canine 

 teeth of the males are long, strong, and pointed ; but this is 

 not the case with the females. The structure, therefore, of 

 the canine teeth is to be regarded in the light of a sexual 

 peculiarity, and not as having any connection with the nature 

 of the food. 



