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GLOSSARY. 



CILIOGRADA (Lat. cilium; and gradior, I walk). Synonymous with Cteno- 

 phora, an order of Actinozoa. 



ClNCLlDES (Gr. kigklis, a lattice). Special apertures in the column-walls of 

 some Sea-anemones (Actiniae), which probably serve for the emission of the 

 cord-like "craspeda." 



CIRRI (Lat. cirrus, a curl). Tendril-like appendages, such as the feet of Bar- 

 nacles and Acorn-shells (C impedes), the lateral processes on the arms of 

 Brachiopoda, &c. 



CIRRIFEROUS or CIRRIGEROUS. Carrying cirri. 



CIRRIPEDIA, CIRRHIPEDIA, or CiRRHOPODA (Lat. cimis, a curl ; and pes, a 

 foot). A sub-class of Crustacea with curled jointed feet. 



CIRROSTOMI (Lat. cirrus, a tendril ; Gr. stoma, mouth). Sometimes used to 

 designate the Pharyngobrancltii. 



CLADOCERA (Gr. klados, a branch; keras, a horn). An order of Crustacea with 

 branched antennae. 



CLAVATE (Lat. clavus, a club). Club-shaped. 



CLAVICLE (Lat. clavicula, a little key). The " collar-bone," forming one of 

 the elements of the pectoral arch of Vertebrates. 



CLOACA (Lat. a sink). The cavity into which the intestinal canal and the 

 ducts of the generative and urinary organs open in common, in some In- 

 vertebrates (e.g., in Insects), and also in many Vertebrate animals. 



CLYPEIFORM (Lat. clypeus, a shield; and forma, shape). Shield-shaped; ap- 

 plied, for example, to the carapace of the King-crab. 



CNID^E (Gr. knide, a nettle). The urticating cells, or "thread-cells," where- 

 by many Coelenterate animals obtain their power of stinging. 



COCCOLITHS (Gr. kokkos, a berry ; lithos, stone). Minute oval or rounded 

 bodies, which are found either free or attached to the surface of coc co- 

 spheres. 



COCCOSPHERES (Gr. kokkos ; and sphaira, a sphere). Spherical masses of 

 sarcode, enclosed in a delicate calcareous envelope, and bearing coccoliths 

 upon their external surface. Both coccospheres and coccoliths are im- 

 bedded in a diffused plasmodium of sarcode, the whole constituting a low 

 Rhizopodic organism. 



COCCYGEAL. Connected with the coccyx. 



COCCYX (Gr. kokkux, a cuckoo). The terminal portion of the spinal column 

 in man, so called from its resemblance to a cuckoo's beak. 



COCOON (French cocon, the cocoon of the silkworm ; connected with Fr. cogue, 

 shell, which is derived from the Lat. concha). The outer covering of silky 

 hairs with which the pupa or chrysalis of many insects is protected. 



CODONOSTOMA (Gr. kodon, a bell ; stoma, mouth). The aperture or mouth of 

 the disc (nectocalyx) of a Medusa, or of the bell (gonocalyx) of a medusi- 

 fonr gonophore. 



CCELENTERATA (Gr. koilos, hollow ; enteron, the bowel). The sub-kingdom 

 which comprises the Hydrozoa and Actinozoa. Proposed by Frey and 

 Leuckhart in place of the old term Radiata, which included other animals 

 as well. 



C(ENENCHYMA (Gr. koinos, common ; enchuma, tissue). The common cal- 

 careous tissue which unites together the various corallites of a compound 

 corallum. 



CfENOECiDM (Gr. koinos, common ; oikos, house). The entire dermal system 

 of any Polyzoon : employed in place of the terms polyzoary or polypidom. 



CCENOSARC (Gr. koinos, common ; sarx, flesh). The common organised 

 medium by which the separate polypites of a compound Hydrozob'n are 

 connected together. 



COLEOPTERA (Gr. koleos, a sheath ; pteron, wing). The order of Insects 

 (Beetles) in which the anterior pair of wings are hardened, and serve as 

 protective cases for the posterior pair of membranous wings. 



COLUBRINA (Lat. coluber, a snake), A division of the Ophidia. 



COLUMBACEI (Lat. cofumba, a dove). The division of Rasorial birds compris- 

 ing the Doves and Pigeons. 



COLUMELLA (Lat. dim. of columna, a column). In Conch ology, the central 



