584 GLOSSARY. 



GEMMAE (gemma, a bud). The buds produced by any animal, whether de- 

 tached or not. 



GEMMATION, The process of producing new structures by budding. 



GEMMIPAROUS (Lat. gemma, a bud ; pario, I produce). Giving origin to new 

 structures by a process of budding. 



GEMMULES (Lat. dim. of gemma). The ciliated embryos of many Coelenterata ; 

 also the seed-like reproductive bodies or " spores " of Spongilldf. 



GEPHYREA (Gr. gephura, a bridge). A class of the Anarthropoda, comprising 

 the Spoon-worms (Sipuncuhis) and their allies. 



GIZZARD. A muscular division of the stomach in Birds, Insects, &c. 



GLADIUS (Lat. a sword). Applied to the horny endoskeletou or " pen " of 

 certain Cuttle-fishes. 



GLENOID (Gr. glene, a cavity; eidos, form). A shallow cavity; applied espe- 

 cially to the shallow articular cavity in the shoulder-blade to which the head 

 of the humerus is jointed. 



GNATHITES (Gr. gnathos, a jaw). The masticatory organs of Crustacea. 



GONOBLASTIDIA (Gr. gonos, offspring ; blastidion, dim. of blastos, a bud). The 

 processes which carry the reproductive receptacles, or " gonophores," in 

 many of the Hydrozoa. 



GONOCALYX (Gr. gonos; and kalux, cup). The swimming-bell in a medusiform 

 gonophore, or the same structure in a gonophore which is not detached. 



GONOPHORE (Gr. gonos, and phero, I carry). The generative buds, or recep- 

 tacles of the reproductive elements, in the Hydrozoa, whether these become 

 detached or not. 



GONOSOME (Gr. gonos ; and soma, body). Applied as a collective term to the 

 reproductive zob'ids of a Hydrozoon. 



GONOTHECA (Gr. gonos; and tkeke, a case). The chitinous receptacle within 

 which the gonophores of certain of the Hydrozoa are produced. 



GRALLATORES ( Lat. grallce, stilts). The order of the long-legged Wading Birds. 



GRANIVOROUS (Lat. granum, a grain or seed ; varo, I devour). Living upon 

 grains or other seeds. 



GRAPTOLITID^B (Gr. grapho, I write ; lithos, stone). An extinct sub-class of 

 the Hydrozoa. 



GREGARINIDA (Lat. gregarius, occurring in numbers together). A class of the 

 Protozoa. 



GUARD. The cylindrical fibrous sheath with which the internal chambered 

 shell (phragmacone) of a Belemnite is protected. 



GYMNOLJSMATA (Gr. gumnos, naked ; laima, the throat). An order of the 

 Polyzoa in which the mouth is devoid of the valvular structure known as 

 the "epistome." 



GYMNOPHIONA (Gr. gumnos, naked; ophis, a snake). The order of the Am- 

 phibia comprising the snake-like Ccecilice. 



GYMNOPHTHALMATA (Gr. gumnos; and ophthalmos, the eye). Applied by Ed- 

 ward Forbes to those Medusa in which the eye-specks at the margin of the 

 disc are unprotected. The division is now abandoned. 



GYMNOSOMATA (Gr. gumnos; and soma, the body). The order of Pteropoda in 

 which the body is not protected by a shell. 



GYNOPHORES (Gr. gune, woman ; phero, I carry. The generative buds, or 

 gonophores, of Hydrozoa, which contain ova alone, and differ in form from 

 those which contain spermatozoa. 



GYRENCEPHALA (Gr. guroo, I wind aboxit; eghephalos, brain). Applied by 

 Owen to a section of the Mammalia in which the cerebral hemispheres are 

 abundantly convoluted. 



HAEMAL (Gr. haima, blood). Connected with the bloodvessels, or with the 



circulatory system. 

 H^MATOCRYA (Gr. haima, blood ; cruos, cold). Applied by Owen to the 



"cold-blooded " Vertebrates viz., the Fishes, Amphibia, and Reptiles. 

 H^MATOTHERMA (Gr. haima, blood ; thermos, warm). Applied by Owen to 



the "warm-blooded" Vertebrates viz., Birds and Mammals. 

 HALLUX (Lat. allex, the thumb or great toe). The innermost of the five 



