92 THE UPPER EXTREMITY 



specially thickened by the addition of fibres, which pass from 

 the scapula to the humerus. Two of these thickened portions 

 receive the names of the coraco-humeral and the gleno-humeral 

 ligaments. A third is placed on the inferior aspect of the 

 capsule, where it is not supported by muscles, viz. between 

 the long head of the triceps and the subscapularis. It 

 is against this thickened portion of the capsule that the 

 head of the humerus rests when the arm is abducted from 

 the side, and it is sometimes spoken of as the inferior gleno- 

 humeral ligament. 



Ligamentum Coracohumerale (Coraco-Humeral Ligament). 

 This is placed upon the proximal aspect of the joint. It 

 is a broad band of great strength, which is more or less 

 completely incorporated with the capsule. Above, it is fixed 

 to the root and lateral border of the coracoid process of the 

 scapula, and it passes from this obliquely distally and laterally, 

 to gain attachment to the. two tubercles of the humerus. It 

 forms a strong arch over the upper part of the sulcus inter- 

 tubercularis, under which the tendon of the biceps passes. 



Ligamentum Glenohumerale (Gleno- Humeral Ligament). 

 This ligament can only be seen when the joint is opened. 

 The dissector should therefore, at this stage, remove the 

 posterior part of the capsule, and, drawing the bones well 

 apart from each other, look forwards into the cavity. The 

 tendon of the biceps will be observed arching over the head 

 of the humerus, to reach its insertion on the upper aspect 

 of the glenoid cavity. Immediately medial to this, and 

 parallel to it, will be noticed a ridge on the inner aspect of 

 the capsule projecting into the joint. This band is the gleno- 

 humeral ligament (of Flood). It is inserted into a faintly- 

 marked pit on the anatomical neck of the humerus, close 

 to the upper end of the sulcus intertubercularis. 



As already noted, the thickened band in the inferior part of the capsule 

 is sometimes called the inferior gleno-humeral ligament. Another thicken- 

 ing of the anterior wall of the capsule between this and the gleno-humeral 

 ligament proper has received the name of the middle gleno-hiimeral 

 ligament. 



Dissection. Complete the division of the capsular ligament, and draw- 

 ing the tendon of the biceps brachii through the intertubercular aperture 

 in the capsule, separate the two bones from each other. 



Labrum Glenoidale (Glenoid Ligament). The labrum 

 glenoidale is the dense fibro- cartilaginous band which 



