43 



ABDOMEN 



line which encircles the body at this level indicates on the 

 surface the position of the intertubercular plane of subdivision. 

 The two horizontal planes, thus placed, map out the 

 abdomen into three districts or zones, which are termed 

 from above downwards (i) the costat \ (2) the umbilical^ and 

 (3) the hypogastric zone. 



-Stomach 



Transpyloric 

 plane 



Subcostal plane 



-Umbilicus 



Intertubercular 

 plane 



Iliac colon 



Left lateral 



FIG. 162. The Abdominal Viscera as seen from the front after removal of 

 the great omentum. The dark lines indicate the subdivision of the 

 abdominal cavity. (Birmingham.) 



The two vertical planes of subdivision are called the right 

 and left lateral planes. Each corresponds, on the surface, to 

 a perpendicular line reared from the midpoint between the 

 symphysis pubis and the anterior superior spine of the ilium. 



By these lateral planes, each of the three zones determined 

 by the horizontal planes of section is subdivided into three. 



The costal zone is mapped off into a central epigastric 



