504 



ABDOMEN 



Hood-like val- 

 vula connivens 



independent opening into the duodenum above, and anterior 

 to, the opening of the main duct. 



The dissector is now in a position to study the bile-ducts 

 and the portal vein. 



The Bile-Ducts. The ducts which carry the bile, secreted 

 by the liver, from the liver and the gall-bladder to the 

 duodenum are (i) the right and left hepatic ducts, (2) the 

 common hepatic duct, (3) the cystic duct, and (4) the 

 common bile-duct. Bile flows only in one direction through 

 the hepatic ducts and the common bile-duct, that is, towards 

 the duodenum, but through the cystic duct it flows sometimes 



to and sometimes 

 from the gall- 

 bladder. 



The right and left 

 hepatic ducts issue 

 Bile-papilla from the.correspond- 



Common opening ing lobes of the liver 

 of bile and pan- . . 



creatic ducts into the porta 

 hepatis, and unite 



~ Frenulum . r . . 



within it to form the 

 common hepatic duct. 

 The latter, which is 

 about one inch (2.5 

 c.m.) in length, de- 

 scends into the up- 

 per part of the small 

 omentum, where it unites with the cystic duct, which has 

 already been examined p. 447, to form the common bile- 

 duct. As it descends, the common hepatic duct passes 

 either in anterior or posterior to the right branch of the 

 hepatic artery. 



Ductus Choledochus (O.T. Common Bile-Duct). The 

 common bile-duct is from three and a half to four inches long 

 (8.7 to 10 c.m.). In the first part of its course it lies in the 

 right free border of the lesser omentum, to the right of the 

 hepatic artery, and in front of the foramen epiploicum, from 

 which it is separated by the right border of the portal vein 

 and the posterior layer of the small omentum. In the 

 second part of its course it passes behind the first part of 

 the duodenum, with the gastro-duodenal artery, close to the 

 posterior end of the neck of the pancreas ; then, entering on 



FIG. 193. The Bile- Papilla in the interior of 

 the Duodenum. (Birmingham.) 



