152 



HEAD AND NECK 



back should be devoted to the study of the temporal region 

 and the anterior part of the scalp. 



THE SCALP AND THE SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES 

 OF THE TEMPORAL REGION. 



Under the term " scalp " are included the soft structures 

 which cover the vault of the cranium above the temporal 

 ridges and anterior to the superior nuchal line. Its con- 

 stituent parts are arranged in live layers : (i) skin; (2) super- 

 ficial fascia ; (3) the epicranius, consisting of four muscular 



Integument 

 Superficial fascia 



Galea aponeurotica 

 Loose connective tissue 

 Pericranium 



Cranial wall 



Dura mater 



FIG. 68. Section through the Scalp and Cranial Wall. 



bellies, the two occipitales and the two frontales muscles, and 

 the aponeurosis called the galea aponeurotica, which connects 

 them together; (4) a layer of loose areolar tissue ; (5) the 

 periosteum, which is here called the pericranium. In the 

 temporal region the wall of the cranium is much more thickly 

 covered than in the scalp area, and it is possible to distinguish 

 eight layers of soft tissues between the surface and the bone : 

 (i) skin; (2) superficial fascia ; (3) extrinsic muscles of the 

 ear ; (4) the thin lateral extensions of the galea aponeurotica ; 

 (5) a thin layer of fascia descending from the temporal ridge 

 to the auricle ; (6) the strong temporal fascia ; (7) the temporal 

 muscle; (8) periosteum. 



The Scalp. The scalp and the superficial temporal region 

 are richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, which all 



