HISTORY OF ZOO LOOT. 



4T 



the upper side is concealed. The parts are so arranged that the' 

 whole takes on a leaf -like form, and certain markings heighten 

 the imitation of the neuration of the leaf (fig. 11). Among the 

 numerous species of leaf-butterflies there are different grades of 

 completeness of mimicry; in many even the depredations of insects 



B, 



FIG. 11. Leaf-butterflies. A, Kallima paralecta. flying; a, at rest. (After Wallace.^ 

 J3, Siderone strigoms, flying ; b, at rest. (After C. Sterne.) 



are imitated; in others the form and marking are still incompletely 

 leaf-like, the marking being the first to come into existence. 

 Among the grasshoppers also there are imitations of leaves, like 

 the ' walking-leaf / Phyllium siccifolium, P. scythe, while other 

 nearly related forms more or less completely approach the appear- 

 ance of dried, sometimes of thorny twigs (fig. 12, a and I). 



Examples of Mimicry. Very often insects are copied by other 

 animals. Certain butterflies, Heliconia, fly in large swarms,, 



