IV. VERTEBRATA: MAMMALIA, PRIMATES. 649 



large eyes, which give these animals a most striking appearance. 

 A distinction from the primates is the connexion of orbital and 

 temporal cavities beneath the osseous postorbital ring. Usually 

 there are a pair of pectoral mammae, to which are added in many 



Fio. 671. Stenops gracilis, slender loris. (From Brehm.) 



species a pair in the abdominal or inguinal region, the latter alone 

 occurring in Chiromys. 



CHIROMYID^E, digits long, all except the great toe with claws ; Chiromys 

 madagascar ensis, aye-aye. TARSIID^E, second and third hind toes 

 clawed. Tarsius spectrum of the East Indies differs from all Prosimite 

 in having the orbits closed and a discoidal placenta like that of man. 

 LEMURID^E, second hind toe alone clawed. Lemur; Stenops, loris. The 

 old tertiary PACHYLEMURID.E and ANAPTOMORPHID^E are close to the most 

 primitive mammals and to the creodonts and insectivores. The GALEO- 

 PITHECID^E (p. 637) are often referred here. 



Order XII. Primates. 



The most highly organized mammals, the monkeys, apes, and 

 man, are united in a single order because among them there is a 

 great agreement in features of classificatory value. If we here, as 

 elsewhere, ignore grades of intelligence and regard alone greater 

 or lesser anatomical resemblances, we are forced to the conclusion 

 that the anthropoid apes are much closer to man than to the lower 

 monkeys. 



The primates have in common nails on all the fingers and toes 

 (except the Hapalidae), orbits separated from the temporal fossae 

 by a bony wall, and a cerebrum which covers the other parts of 



