GLANDERS 341 



1898, p. 376 ; Herr, Zeitschr. f. Hyg., xxxviii, 1901 ; Pettersson, 

 Berl klin. Woch., 1899, p. 562.) 



Glanders l 



Glanders is a disease which has been known from the 

 earliest times, being recognised by the Greek and Roman 

 writers, by whom it was termed yuaX*? and malleus respec- 

 tively. It is distinctly a disease of the horse, mule, and 



FIG. 39. Nasal septum of glandered horse, showing ulceration of 

 Schneiderian membrane (McFadyean). 



ass, but is also communicable to man and to certain 

 other animals. It is caused by a small bacillus discovered 

 by Loffler and Schiitz in 1882. 



In the horse the lungs are always affected, and fre- 

 quently the nasal mucous membrane (Fig. 39). Nodules 

 form which afterwards break down and ulcerate, and a 

 muco-purulent discharge appears ; in the older writings 

 the name " glanders " covered only these advanced cases 

 of the disease. In " farcy " the lymphatic vessels and 



1 See McFadyean, Journ. of State Med., vol. xiii, 1905, pp. 1, 65, and 

 125. 



