CHAPTER XII 

 PNEUMONIA, INFLUENZA, AND WHOOPING-COUGH 



Pneumonia 



PNEUMONIA is of two types, lobular, catarrhal, or broncho - 

 pneumonia, and lobar or croupous pneumonia. The former may 

 be primary, or may be secondary and arise in connection with many 

 of the specific fevers, as in measles, whooping-cough, diphtheria, 

 enteric fever, influenza, plague, etc. The broncho -pneumonia 

 occurring in the course of other diseases may be due to the causative 

 organism of the disease, or may be due to other organisms. Eyre 1 

 examined 62 cases of broncho -pneumonia occurring in the course 

 of other diseases and 102 cases in which the broncho-pneumonia 

 was the primary lesion. Of these 164 cases, 52-4 per cent, yielded 

 pure cultivations of some one or other of six bacteria pneumo- 

 coccus, Strep, longus, M. pyogenes var. aureus, M. catarrhalis, 

 B. pneumonias, and B. inftuenzce ; whilst 47-5 per cent, gave a mixed 

 growth of one or more of these six in association with one or more 

 of five other bacteria M. tetragenus, B. pertussis, B. pyocyaneus, 

 B. typliosus, B. diphtherice. The B. coli also occurs in broncho- 

 pneumonia. Acute croupous or lobar pneumonia in many of its 

 characters resembles an acute specific infection, and while frequently 

 a primary disease, may also occur secondarily in almost any con- 

 dition, and occasionally in epidemic form. 



Friedlander in 1882-83 first described organisms in cases of 

 pneumonia. 



In 1883-85 Talamon, Klein and Sternberg each described in 

 pneumonic sputum an oval encapsuled organism, which induced 

 pneumonia in animals ; it was termed by the former the Micro- 

 coccus lanceolatus, and by Sternberg the Micrococcus Pasteuri. 

 This and Friedlander's organisms were at first believed to be 

 identical, but Frankel and Weichselbaum subsequently showed that 



1 Journ. Path, and Bact., vol. xiv, 1910, p. 160. 

 406 



