414 A MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 



general symptoms. A microscopical examination of the 

 membrane will show the organisms surrounded with a 

 capsule and unstainable by Gram's method. If a culture 

 be made on serum, the large, round, greyish colonies of 

 the bacillus will be recognisable in fifteen to twenty hours, 

 and should be examined microscopically. To obtain a 

 pure culture a white mouse should be inoculated from a 

 colony ; it will die in twenty- eight to sixty hours. Fried- 

 lander's pneumo- bacillus has also been met with in water 

 by Grimbert. According to him, it is identical with the 

 B. capsulatus of Mori. 



Clinical Examination (Pneumonia) 



1. Make smear specimens from the rusty sputum, and stain 

 some with Loffler's blue, and others by Gram's method with eosin. 

 By a microscopical examination the oval diplococci will be readily 

 recognised, the B. pneumonia and B. pestis being distinguished 

 from the S. pneumonia by being decolorised by Gram's method. 

 The latter organism is the only one, moreover, which is likely to 

 be ordinarily met with. 



2. If the diplococci are found to be fairly abundant in the sputum, 

 and other organisms nearly absent, an attempt may be made to 

 cultivate by inoculating several glycerin-agar and serum tubes 

 and incubating at 37 C. for forty-eight hours. 



3. If the diplococci are scanty, or so mixed with other organisms 

 that it is difficult to identify them, and probably impossible to 

 obtain a pure culture, a drop or two of the sputum should be injected 

 into the peritoneal cavity of a mouse or rabbit. The animal will 

 die in from twenty -four to thirty-six hours, and the S. pneumonice 

 will be found plentifully in smears prepared from the blood or 

 lung-juice, and pure cultures can be readily obtained by inoculating 

 glycerin-agar tubes with the blood or lung-juice. 



4. The culture or inoculation method, preferably both, will 

 probably have to be adopted for the recognition and isolation of 

 the S. pneumonice in pus from empyemata, abscesses, etc. 



5. Friedlander's pneumo-bacillus can be readily isolated by 

 making gelatin-plate cultivations, in which its colonies form white, 

 shining, heaped-up points. 



