DENGUE AND PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER 549 



Dengue 



No organism, bacterium or protozoon, has been demon- 

 strated in this disease. The intra-venous inoculation of 

 filtered dengue blood into healthy individuals is followed 

 by an attack ; the organism is therefore probably ultra- 

 microscopic. The disease can be transmitted by a mos- 

 quito, Culex fatigens, and this is probably the common 

 mode of infection. 1 



Phlebotomus Fever 



A fever of short duration (three days) occurs in South 

 Austria, the malady being somewhat like dengue. It is 

 known locally as " pappataci," and an apparently identical 

 disease has been described by Birt 2 in Malta under the 

 name of " phlebotomus fever." Investigation has shown 

 that this disease is conveyed by the bite of a dipterous fly, 

 the sand-fly (Phlebotomus pappatasii). " Canary fever," 

 " Shanghai fever," " Chitral fever," and the seven days 

 continued and " sand-fly " fevers of India are probably 

 of the same nature. The virus in phlebotomus fever passes 

 through a Berkefeld filter. 



Further research must decide whether these and dengue 

 are distinct diseases or whether they are all manifestations 

 of dengue. 



Variola and Vaccinia 



The specific contagia of these two diseases appear 

 to be filter-passers. 



Variola is inoculable on man the calf and the monkey, 

 vaccinia on the rabbit in addition. 



1 Ashburn and Craig, Philippine Journ. of Science, vol. ii, 1907, p. 93. 



2 Journ. Roy. Army Hed. Corps, August 1910. 



