208 ACUTE PNEUMONIA. 



paration has been subjected. The capsule is rather broader 

 than the body of the coccus, and has a sharply defined 



external margin. 

 This organism takes 

 up the basic aniline 

 f stains with great 



readiness, and also 

 retains the stain in 

 Gr a tit's method. It 

 is the organism of 

 by far the most fre- 

 quent occurrence in 

 true croupous pneu- 



vV monia, and in fact 



-' t may be said to be 



rarely absent. 



(2) Friedlander's 



FlG. 56. Him preparation of pneumonic ' 



sputum, showing numerous pneumococci JrneumouacillUS. AS 

 (Fraenkel's) with capsules ; some are ar- seen in the sputum 

 ranged in short chains and ds ^ Qr _ 



Stained with carbol-fuchsm. x 1000. . , ' . 



ganism both in its ap- 

 pearance and arrangement, as also in the presence of a capsule, 

 somewhat resembles Fraenkel's pneumococcus, and it was at 

 first described as the "pneumococcus." The form, however, 

 is more of a short rod-shape, and it has blunt rounded ends; 

 it is also rather broader than Fraenkel's pneumococcus. 

 It is now usually classed amongst the bacilli, especially in 

 view of the fact that in cultures elongated rod forms may 

 occur. The capsule has the same general characters as that 

 of Fraenkel's organism. Friedlander's pneumobacillus stains 

 readily with the basic aniline stains, but loses the stain in 

 Gram's method, and is accordingly coloured with the contrast 

 stain, safranin or Bismarck-brown, as above recommended. 

 A valuable means is thus afforded of distinguishing it from 

 Fraenkel's pneumococcus in microscopic preparations. 



Friedlander's organism is much less frequently present 

 in pneumonia than Fraenkel's ; sometimes it is associated 

 with the latter, very rarely it occurs alone. 



