276 GLANDERS. 



found in the spleen, lungs, bones, nasal mucous membrane, 

 testicles, ovaries, etc. ; in some cases a few nodules are 

 found in the spleen alone. Intraperitoneal injection in 

 the male guinea-pig is followed, as pointed out by Straus, 

 by a very rapid and semi-purulent affection of the tunica 

 vaginalis, shown during life by a great swelling and redness 

 of the testicles, which may be noticeable in two or three 

 days. By this method there occur also numerous small 

 nodules on the surface of the peritoneum. Rabbits are 

 less susceptible than guinea-pigs, and the effect of sub- 

 cutaneous inoculation is somewhat uncertain. Accidental 

 inoculation of the human subject with pure cultures of the 

 bacillus has in more than one instance been followed by 

 the acute form of the disease and a fatal result. 



Action on the Tissues. From the above facts it will be 

 seen that in many respects glanders presents an analogy 

 to tubercle as regards the general characters of the lesions 

 and the mode of spread. In the guinea-pig, for example, 

 there are in both diseases a local swelling, an implication 

 of lymphatics in connection with the part, and, lastly, a 

 spread to internal organs and other parts by means of 

 the blood vessels. When the tissue changes in the two 

 diseases are compared, certain differences are found. The 

 glanders bacillus causes a more rapid and more marked 

 inflammatory reaction. There is more leucocytic infiltra- 

 tion and less proliferative change which might lead to 

 the formation of epithelioid cells. Thus the centre of 

 an early glanders nodule shows a dense aggregation of 

 leucocytes, many of which are polymorpho-nuclear, and 

 have recently emigrated from the vessels, whilst the 

 tissue elements between may be more or less degenerat- 

 ing, or may show proliferative changes. And further, the 

 inflammatory change may be followed by suppurative 

 softening of the tissue, especially in certain situations, 

 such as the subcutaneous tissue and lymphatic glands. 

 The nodules, therefore, in glanders, as Baumgarten puts 

 it, occupy an intermediate position between miliary ab- 

 scesses and tubercles. The diffuse coagulative necrosis 



