CHAPTER XIV. 



TYPHOID FEVER BACILLI ALLIED TO THE 

 TYPHOID BACILLUS. 



OTHER NAMES. ENTERIC FEVER: GASTRIC FEVER. GER- 

 MAN, TYPHUS ABDOMINALIS : ABDOMINALTYPHUS : 

 UNTERLEIBSTYPHUS. FRENCH, LA FIEVRE TYPHOIDE. 



Historical Summary. During the early part of the 

 bacteriological era many observers had described various 

 micrococci and bacilli, and even higher forms, as occurring 

 in the neighbourhood of the typhoid ulcers and in the 

 tissues generally, but the first definite descriptions of what 

 is now known as the bacillus typhosus appeared about 

 1 880-8 1, when the papers of Eberth, Koch, and Klebs 

 were published. On account of priority of publication and 

 of the general confirmation of his observations by later 

 observers, the credit of the discovery is generally assigned 

 to Eberth, and the bacillus typhosus is often called Eberth's 

 bacillus. This worker investigated in all forty cases of the 

 disease, and in twenty-two he found microscopically what 

 he considered to be characteristic bacilli in the intestinal 

 ulcers, in the spleen, and in the lymphatic glands. These are 

 now identified with the bacillus typhosus. He, however, 

 made no attempts to grow them outside the body. This 

 important step was taken by GafTky (1884), who confirmed 

 Eberth's observations on the occurrence of the bacilli in 



