PATHOGENIC EFFECTS. 335 



seen that Gaffky did not succeed in communicating the 

 disease to animals by feeding them with bacilli, though 

 many different species were inoculated. Nevertheless 

 pathogenic effects caused by feeding have been observed. 

 Typhoid bacilli are killed by a very short exposure to the 

 gastric juice, and Beumer and Peiper, taking this into 

 account, neutralised the gastric juice with soda before the 

 introduction of the bacteria, and slowed the intestinal 

 peristalsis with opium, as Koch did in the case of cholera. 

 By this method they caused death in rabbits and guinea- 

 pigs in from twelve hours to four or five days. Post 

 mortem there were swelling of the spleen, congestion of 

 the liver and kidneys, hypenemia especially of the upper 

 part of the intestine, but the typical typhoid lesions were 

 not reproduced. Remlinger has obtained more important 

 results by feeding rabbits on vegetables soaked in water 

 containing typhoid bacilli. In a certain proportion of 

 animals symptoms appeared about the sixth day and the 

 contamination of the food was then stopped. The illness 

 which followed was characterised by general weakness, 

 diarrhoea, and pyrexia (the temperature curve being of the 

 nature of that seen in human typhoid), and Widal's reaction 

 (vide infra) was obtained. In some cases recovery took 

 place after 8 to 1 2 days' illness ; sometimes death after 

 12 to 1 8 days. Post mortem there was observed conges- 

 tion of the small intestine, especially of the last part, and 

 of Peyer's patches, enlargement of mesenteric glands and 

 spleen, and in the latter typhoid bacilli were present. The 

 blood was sterile. 



As the earlier feeding experiments were not convincing, 

 attention was directed to the pathogenic effects produced 

 by introducing the bacilli into the blood or lymph streams. 

 Here Beumer and Peiper obtained results similar to those 

 which they produced by feeding. Sirotinin, however, showed 

 that dead cultures produced the same effects, and Wys- 

 sokowitch observed that living bacilli injected into the peri- 

 toneum rapidly decreased in numbers. Many, therefore, 

 held that there was no evidence that the bacilli multiplied in 



