336 TYPHOID FEVER. 



the blood, and considered that the effects were due to toxic 

 bodies injected along with the bacilli. Other observers 

 did not confirm Sirotinin's results with the injection of 

 dead cultures, and Pfeiffer is probably correct in holding 

 that the diverse results obtained were due to differences 

 in the virulence of the cultures used. Ordinary laboratory 

 cultures of B. typhosus are usually non-pathogenic. They 

 can, however, be made virulent in various ways. This 

 Chantemesse and Widal effected by injecting along with 

 it the sterilised products of the streptococcus pyogenes, and 

 Sanarelli used for the same purpose sterilised cultures of 

 the B. coli. The method of the latter was as follows. 



.5 c.c. of a bouillon typhoid culture twenty-four hours old was in- 

 jected subcutaneously into a guinea-pig, and at the same time 10 to 12 

 c.c. of sterilised old culture of B. coli were introduced into the perito- 

 neal cavity. The animal died in from twelve to fourteen hours with 

 typhoid bacilli in the peritoneum and a few in the blood and organs. 

 From the former situation bouillon cultures were made and used for 

 the subcutaneous injection of a second animal, which also received 

 intraperitoneally some sterilised B. coli culture, a less quantity of the 

 latter being now found sufficient to cause death in the same time. Tn 

 a series of animals thus inoculated, each from the previous member, 

 less and less B. coli culture was found sufficient until this could be 

 dispensed with altogether, the typhoid bacilli alone being sufficient. 

 After about thirty such passages a culture of a typhoid bacillus of exalted 

 virulence was obtained. 



Sidney Martin has obtained virulent cultures by pass- 

 ing bacilli, derived directly from the spleen of a person 

 dead of typhoid fever, through the peritoneal cavities of a 

 series of guinea-pigs. 



Sanarelli found that the intraperitoneal injection of a 

 few drops of a culture of highly-exalted virulence, or the 

 subcutaneous injection of 3 to 4 c.c., caused in guinea- 

 pigs and rabbits illness and death in from twelve to twenty- 

 four hours. After injection the temperature first rose and 

 then gradually sank till death, and there were flatulence 

 and abdominal tenderness. Post mortem the spleen was 

 enlarged and hsemorrhagic, the liver enlarged and fatty, 

 the kidneys congested, whilst the intestine showed con- 



