TOXINES OF B. TYPHOSUS. 337 



gestion, with excess of mucous secretion and desquamation 

 of the intestinal epithelium. The Peyer's patches and 

 solitary glands were enormously infiltrated, sometimes 

 almost purulent, and they contained typhoid bacilli which 

 were also found in the mesenteric lymphatics and glands, 

 and in the spleen. Sanarelli states that by whatever path 

 the bacilli were introduced into the body the brunt of the 

 pathological effects always fell on the intestine and ab- 

 dominal organs ; and with regard to the bacilli themselves, 

 though they might be found in the blood, their usual site 

 was in the solid organs, especially the spleen. Pfeiffer 

 could not confirm Sanarelli's observations with regard to a 

 special affection of the Peyer's patches, but the cultures 

 used by him did not possess so exalted a virulence as those 

 of Sanarelli. The latter's observations, at any rate, leave 

 no doubt that, provided the cultures be sufficiently virulent, 

 the typhoid bacillus can multiply in the body of an animal 

 and rapidly produce a fatal result. 



The Toxic Products of the Typhoid Bacillus. We 

 must next look at what has been done in investigating the 

 toxic bodies, which the pathological anatomy of the disease 

 leads us to suspect are elaborated by the bacillus typhosus. 

 Brieger, in his earlier work on the ptomaines, stated that 

 bouillon cultures of the typhoid bacillus eight weeks old 

 contained a base (typhotoxin) having the formula C 7 H 17 NO. ? . 

 This observation has only a historic interest, and Brieger 

 did not follow it up, for later (1890), in the paper pub- 

 lished by Fraenkel and himself he describes among other 

 toxalbumins one formed by the typhoid bacillus. The 

 authors obtained it by making bouillon cultures germ-free, 

 by filtering through a Chamberland's filter after concentra- 

 tion to one-third of the original volume by evaporation at 

 30 C. A precipitate was then obtained by adding ten 

 volumes of alcohol acidified with acetic acid. The pre- 

 cipitate was redissolved in water and reprecipitated with 

 alcohol, again dissolved in water and again precipitated by 

 saturating with sulphate of ammonium in powder. The 

 precipitate was a third time dissolved in water and dialysed. 

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