760 



IXDEX. 



specific meaning to the word Thought, 

 26; 'Life of Schiller,' 134; 171; 

 quoted, ii. 520 ; 528, 531, 608. 



Carnot, Hippolyte, Sadi Carnot's ' Puiss- 

 ance Motrice,' ii. 118; referred to, 

 130. 



Carnot, L. N. M., on correlation, ii. 

 100, 138, 658 ; Chasles on, ib. 



Carnot, Sadi, valuable researches utilised 

 by Helmholtz, Thomson, and Joule, 

 i. 201 ; absolute scale of temperature, 

 315 ; the steam-engine, 331 ; mech- 

 anical theory of heat, ii. 105 ; prac- 

 tical character of his labours, 117 ; 

 1 Puissance Motrice ' quoted, 118, 

 122 ; analogy between flow of water 

 and of heat, 122 ; heat theories, 

 123; perpetual motion, 124, 126; 

 and Joule, 128 ; dissipation of energy, 

 130 ; first definite use of new con- 

 ceptions of power and work, 137 ; 

 his theory referred to, 139 ; second 

 law of thermo-dynamics, 175. 



Carocher, i. 113. 



Carpenter, labours of von Baer, ii. 302 ; 

 608. 



Carruthers quoted on Hugh Miller, 

 i. 288. 



Cartesian physical philosophy, i. 433. 



Carus, C. J., phrenology, ii. 477. 



Carus, Victor, ' Geschichte der Zoologie,' 

 i. 130, ii. 213 ; comparative anatom- 

 ist, and the Naturphilosophie, i. 207 ; 

 ' Geschichte der Zoologie ' quoted, ii. 

 220, 221, 230, 234, 237, 239, 260, 

 265 ; Goethe, Oken, and the genetic 

 view, 317. 



Cassini, i. 107, 113; astronomical con- 

 stants, 322 ; the motion of light, ii. 

 10. 



Catabolism, ii. 395, 442. 



Cauchy, Augustin, mathematics and 

 physics, i. 45 ; 188 ; theories of elastic 

 forces in solid bodies, 360 ; properties 

 of ether, ii. 31, 33 ; theory of elasticity, 

 31, 41 ; molecular researches of, 43 ; 

 analytical method of, 45 ; referred to, 

 54; school of, referred to, 93, 100; 

 influenced German thought, 101 ; his 

 reforming influence, &c., 636 ; and 

 Gauss, 637 ; Abel on, ib.; Combes on, 

 ib.; his memoir on definite integrals, 

 639 ; Legendre on, ib. ; 640 ; his 

 ' Cours d'Analyse ' quoted, 647 ; on 

 Poncelet's principle, 660; 680, 683, 

 690; and Kiemann, 693, 695, 697, 

 704, 706 ; 707, 732. 



Cavendish, discovered hydrogen, i. 115 ; 

 155 ; scientific discoveries of, 229 ; 



not member of any university, 238 ; 

 important papers of, lost, 277 ; 

 measurement of gravitation, 320 ; 

 measurements of, 343 ; founded exact 

 science of electricity, 347 ; discoveries 

 of, 354 ; researches of, 363 ; and 

 Lavoisier, 386, 387; 391, 393; 

 chemical equivalents, 418 ; ii. 70. 



Cavendish Society, i. 43. 



Cayley, Arthur, and Pliicker, i. 242 ; 

 developed theories of Boole, 247 ; 

 doctrine of "invariants," ii. 140; 

 on mathematics, 631; on "Curve," 

 'Encyclopaedia Britannica,' 641; on 

 "deficiency," ib.; on extended sys- 

 tem of numbers, 654 ; 670 ; geometry 

 and modern algebra, 671 ; 676, 684 ; 

 his great memoirs on Quantics, 684, 

 686, 691 ; on functions, 693 ; on 

 non-metrical relations, 713 ; on the 

 "Absolute," 715; on the "Imagin- 

 ary," 716. 



Cell, autonomy of, ii. 395. 



Cellular theory, i. 194 ; ii. 260, 417 ; 

 pathology, i. 195. 



Celsus, medical works of, ii. 207. 



Centralisation, ii. 524. 



Century does not inherit all of the 

 past, i. 56 ; nineteenth, the scientific 

 century, 89. 



Ceres, discovery and rediscovery of, i. 

 54, 82 ; discovery of, 423. 



Challis and the discovery of Neptune, 

 i. 277. 



Chambers, Robert, authorship of ' Ves- 

 tiges,' ii. 318 ; 320. 



Chambers, Robert and William, publish 

 their Journal, i. 273. 



Chambers's Encyclopaedia, " Educa- 

 tion," i. 257 ; first published, 273. 



Champollion, "hieroglyphics," i. 244. 



Chances, science of, ii. 568. 



Chaptal, practical discoveries of, i. 147. 



Charcot, language, ii. 539. 



Charles, and Gay - Lussac's law of 

 temperatures, i. 425, 429. 



Charles, Duke of Wiirtemberg, i. 133. 



Charles II. built Greenwich Observa- 

 tory, i. 98 ; ii. 562. 



Chasles, Michel, quoted on Monge, i. 

 114 ; synthetic method of, ii. 100 ; 

 geometrical mechanics, 101 ; his 'Geo- 

 metric superieure ' quoted, 592, 658; 

 670 ; infinitely distant elements, 671 ; 

 brilliant writings of, 673 ; eclipses 

 German mathematicians, 673 ; 684, 

 685. 



Chatelet, du, Madame, explained New- 

 ton to Voltaire, i. 106. 



