INDEX. 



761 



Chemical laboratories established, i. 

 188. 



Chemical symbolism, i. 417 ; affinity, 

 neglect of the study of, 420 ; theory, 

 Kopp on, 421 ; and physical reason- 

 ing contrasted, 424 ; affinity, theories 

 of, 452 ; affinity, ii. 157. 



' Chemie, Gehlen's Allgemeines Journal 

 fiir/i. 41. 



' Chemische Annalen,' Crell's, i. 41. 



Chemistry, a French science, i. 114; 

 equivalents, 399 ; organic, 407 ; Lie- 

 big's definition of, 409 ; substitution, 

 ib. ; "type" theory, 411 ; uncertainty 

 about theory in middle of century, 

 413 ; periodic law, 422 ; structural 

 and stereo-chemistry, 447 ; change in 

 definition of, 454 ; ii. 389 ; change in 

 organic, 393. 



Chenier, Marie - Joseph, Report on 

 French literature, i. 149. 



Cherbuliez, E., ' Ueber einige physik- 

 alische Arbeiten Eulers,' ii. 8 ; 

 quoted, 46. 



Cheselden, space -perception, ii. 473 ; 

 505. 



Chesterfield's, Lord, Letters, quoted 

 from, i. 105. 



Chevalier, Aug., Galois's letter to, ii. 

 686. 



Chevenix, not member of any university, 

 i. 238. 



Chevreul, ' Recherches sur les Corps 

 gras d'origine animale,' i. 454 ; ii. 406. 



'Chimie, Annales de,' issued by Ber- 

 thollet, i. 41. 



"Chirality" discovered by Pasteur, i. 

 431 ; origin and meaning of the word, 

 ii. 22 ; 437. 



Chladni, ' Akustik,' i. 83 ; theory of 

 elasticity, ii. 31. 



Chloral discovered by Liebig, i. 93. 



Chloroform discovered by Liebig, i. 93. 



Christiansen and Kundt, discovery of 

 anomalous dispersion of wave-motion, 

 ii. 53, 54. 



Christie, not member of any university, 

 i. 239. 



Christison of Edinburgh University, i. 

 272. 



Chronometers, i. 329. 



Chrystal, G., Pllicker, and Faraday, i. 

 242 ; ' John Napier, Baron of Mer- 

 chiston,' quoted, 269; on David 

 Gregory, 270 ; " Magnetism," ii. 75. 



Church on the spiral theory, ii. 224. 



Cicero, ii. 523. 



" Cinematique," the word introduced 

 by Ampere, ii. 5. 



Circle, squaring of the, ii. 124 ; division 

 of the, 728. 



Clairault followed Newton, i. 96 ; his 

 'Theorie de la Figure de la Terre,' 

 99 ; referred to by Voltaire, 106, 107 ; 

 mathematics made fashionable in 

 France, 237 ; Laplace and, 319 ; 

 lunar theory, 329 ; attempt to cor- 

 rect Newton's law, 334 ; capillary 

 attraction, 356, 378. 



Clapeyron, i. 379 ; suggested earlier re- 

 searches of Clausius and Thomson, ii. 



117 ; Carnot's ' Puissance Motrice,' 



118 ; heat and work, 123 ; biographi- 

 cal, ib. 



Clark, J. W., and T. M'K. Hughes, 

 ' Life and Letters of Adam Sedgwick,' 

 i. 267. 



Clark, Latimer, " Weber " unit, i. 369. 



Clarke, Newton's " descriptive and 

 calculating" philosophy, i. 337; let- 

 ter to Leibniz on gravitation quoted, 

 340. 



Classics, foreign, superiority in number 

 and quality of German translations 

 of, i. 213. 



Classification, ii. 231. 



Clausius, Rudolf, on atoms, i. 313 ; 

 "Entropy," 316, ii. 169, 181, 184, 

 594 ; the kinetic theory of gases, i. 

 433, ii. 34, 162 ; ' Die mechanische 

 Warmetheorie,' i. 434, ii. 163, 167 ; 

 " on the average mean path of a par- 

 ticle," i. 438 ; theoretical thermo- 

 dynamics, ii. 62 ; independence of 

 Mayer's writings, 97; "work" and 

 "energy," 115 ; unifies the views of 

 Mayer and the measurements of 

 Joule, 116; "conservation of en- 

 ergy," 128 ; "dissipation of energy," 

 131 ; labours of, 133, 173 ; researches 

 of, 133 ; Prof. Unwin's account of 

 theories of, 135 ; elaboration of Joule's 

 and Regnault's experiments, 137 ; 

 physical view of nature, 141 ; dyna- 

 mical theory of heat, 148 ; dissoci- 

 ation, 163; "free energy," 175 ; 

 heat, 178 ; theory of probabilities, 

 590 ; thermo-dynamics, 603. 



Clavius quoted, ii. 287. 



Clebsch, A., on Julius Pliicker, i. 242, 

 ii. 75, 76, 677. 



Clifford, W. K., '-'axioms of geometry," 

 i. 352 ; reflex action, ii. 520 ; "mind- 

 stuff "theory, 546; criticism of Clerk- 

 Maxwell, 606, 608, 656 ; on Riemanu, 

 704. 



Cohn, quoted, ii. 559. 



Colbert recognised the practical value 



