sleeping-quarters, boards should be laid either directly on the cement or on cleats, 

 with interspaces for drainage, as illustrated. Brick makes an excellent floor also, 

 but is expensive. 



Hogs cannot stand damp beds, and drainage should always slope away from 

 the sleeping-quarters. A sleeping-pen may be built several feet off the floor, with 

 an inclined approach for climbing up, but it is apt to be draughty. 



Walls. Wood is the best material for the walls. A good tight wall is made 

 thus : Matched inch lumber, tar-paper, studding, tar-paper, matched inch lumber. 

 The dead-air space in the middle insulates the building against heat or cold, and 

 the tar-paper prevents draughts. 



Floor-plan. The floor-plan submitted is not expected to suit everybody, but 

 it combines several useful features. The hogs can be moved readily or loaded 

 on to a wagon ; the house can be easily cleaned out and bedded. The large pen 

 at the end provides an ideal place for wintering brood sows. B.C. is a breeding- 

 crate, described elsewhere. The fitting-up of the pens is also illustrated. 



THE MOST COMMON DISEASES OF SWINE. 



Hog-cholera Symptoms. Signs of fever, shivering, unwillingness to move, loss 

 of appetite, the hog appears dull and stupid, and tries to hide in the bedding. 

 Later a fetid diarrhoea sets in, and the breathing is rapid and becomes oppressed. 

 The animal gets weak and stands with arched back. After death, blood-clots are 

 found throughout the body, with ulcers on the large intestines. 



Cause. This disease is spread by germs which are very hardy and vigorous. 

 They may live in the soil for at least three months, and in straw and litter for 

 longer. The water and feed is sometimes infected, especially the garbage from 

 kitchens, which sometimes contains pieces of infected pork harmless to man, but 

 deadly to hogs eating them. 



Prevention. As cholera is exceedingly infectious, no time must be lost in 

 isolating diseased animals in an effort to prevent its spread. An outbreak must 

 be immediately notified to the Dominion Health of Animals Branch, Victoria. B.C. 



Tuberculosis. A hog may appear perfectly healthy and still have this disease. 

 The tubercles may be found in any part of the body. Tuberculosis is difficult to 

 diagnose. A cough may indicate it, or may simply indicate lung-worms. Glands 

 may be enlarged, especially in the neck, accompanied with diarrhoea and swelling 

 of the joints. In the case of a rapid loss of flesh the animal will soon die. 



The main source of infection is skimmed milk from tuberculous cows, so that 

 pasteurization of the milk, or milk from healthy cows, is a preventive. The disease 

 cannot be treated except by supplying dry. comfortable quarters and good food, 



Worms. These parasites may exist in the intestines or in the lung-passage?. 

 For intestinal worms give on an empty stomach 2 oz. of pumpkin-seeds, beaten to 

 a pulp, with sugar, followed by a dose of Epsom salts. A teaspoonful of turpentine 

 three times a day for every 100 Ib. live weight of hogs is also a remedy. 



Lung-worms cause the pigs to cough violently, and the cause is often put down 

 to a cold. Treatment for lung-worms is not easy, but turpentine given by the 

 mouth in teaspoonful doses three times daily will be of use, as it is exhaled by 

 the lungs. The main remedy is to build up the system by ample food and warm 

 quarters. Thoroughly disinfect the quarters to prevent a recurrence. 



Mange and Lice. No profit can be made out of hogs that spend half their time 

 scratching and the rest of the time thinking about it. A good coal-tar dip will 

 prevent this trouble. In the summer a little dip in the water of a broad, shallow 

 trough will provide a hog-wallow in which the hogs will disinfect themselves. In 

 winter the dip can be applied warm with brush or spray-pump. Coal-tar dip does 

 not irritate the skin. Dipping-vats may be used where a large number of hogs 

 are handled. 



Scours. Sucking-pigs often get scours or diarrhoea as a result of cold, or a 

 change in the mother's milk, or damp quarters. The remedy is a teaspoonful of 

 castor-oil for the young pigs and a tablespoonful of sulphur for the sow twice a day 

 for two days, with a reduction in her food. Lime-water is also a good remedy. 



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