54 PRODUCTION AND FREE TRADE. 



has to sell ; and, by increasing the number of manufacturing estab- 

 lishments, increase the quantity of manufactured goods, and 

 thereby reduce (not increase, as Free Traders say,) the price of the 

 goods which the farmer has to purchase. Hence, by increasing 

 the demand, you increase the price of everything the farmer has 

 to sell ; and, by augmenting the quantity of everything the farmer 

 has to purchase, you reduce the price. Such is the well-known 

 operation of the great law of demand and supply, universal and in- 

 variable in its results. Besides, by increasing manufactures, you 

 withdraw a portion of the labor employed in agriculture and employ 

 it in manufactures, making customers and consumers of those who 

 before were rivals in the production of agricultural supplies. This 

 transfer* of labor from the farm to the factory has the double effect 

 of diminishing the aggregate amount of crop surplus, while aug- 

 menting the demand for it, and of increasing the tctal of manu- 

 factures, thus augmenting the supply and decreasing the price. 



Let agricultural and manufacturing industry flourish side by side, 

 and you have everywhere occupation fit for all. There is appro- 

 priate employment for stolid strength, for manual skill and dex- 

 terity, for inventive genius, for the active and the sedentary, for 

 childhood as well as youth and mature age nay, even for de- 

 crepitude. The framework of industry becomes compact, self- 

 supporting, all-embracing, knit, morticed, and clamped together. 

 Markets are at home rather than abroad. Cost of transportation 

 ceases to be a grinding, impoverishing tax Prosperity reigns. 



That system of tariff is best which most thoroughly diversifies 

 industry, and which most fully supplies all classes of the population 

 with regular employment and good wages. Such a tariff is Pro- 

 tective, and the farmer's friend. Free Trade is his great enemy. 



