102 A PROTECTIVE TARIFF AND EXPORTS. 



in 1872, $679,162 ; in 1873, $868,888; in 1874, $1,007,507. In 

 the last year England took to the value of $533,600; Scotland, 

 $34,205; Germany, $103,688; China, $12,461; Japan, $61,485. 

 Another striking example under our second proposition is to be 

 found in the rising manufacture of crockery in this country. We 

 quote from an editorial article in the Philadelphia Press, Nov. 16, 



1874: 



Another industry, too, may wane in England, to grow correspondingly great 

 in the United States, and this is the crockery manufacture. It is well named 

 /wrtww-facture, as so much is done by hand, and so little (at least in the old coun- 

 try) by machinery. At Trenton, N. J., some unprogressive European potters 

 were settled, as well as some ingenious Yankees. ' It is, or at least was, a while 

 back, amusing to walk from the factory of one to the factory of the other. The 

 original methods in use, perhaps from the infancy of our race, were pursued in 

 the one, even as they are to-day at Staffordshire by such distinguished potters as 

 Minton, the maker of encaustic tiles for the world. One of the first processes in 

 making pottery is to thoroughly intermix the clay and water, and this was done 

 by some of the Trenton potters, as it is still done in England, by men stirring the 

 ingredients together with paddles in large vats. When the clay and water 

 have come to the consistency of cream, the men ladle the "slip," as it is called, 

 from the vat into the sieves. Then shaking the sieve, which consists of fine cam- 

 bric, over another vat, after the fine material has passed through, the coarser 

 particles are emptied out, and the sieve refilled. Such has been the process for 

 ages, and conservative Englishmen pursue it to this day. But stepping, as we 

 say, from one pot-house to another, we find steam rotating paddles in the slip- 

 vat, and steam pumping the slip up into sieves, which are themselves swiftly agi- 

 tated by steam. Such are the contrasts exhibited between European and Amer- 

 ican mechanics and manufacturers. 



Now, a high Protective tariff promotes and maintains the con- 

 ditions amid which such industrial developments can take place. 

 No one will begin a manufacture without reasonable prospect of 

 finding a market for his product. If foreigners occupy and en- 

 gross his domestic market, he can not expect, when he may be 

 undersold at home, to secure a profitable market abroad, in competi- 

 tion with those very foreigners. Under such circumstances he will 

 make no venture. Should he do so, he will run the risk of being 

 ruined by the intolerance of his foreign rivals, who will combine to 

 prevent the success of his infant enterprise, by overwhelming him 

 with exceptionally cheap prices, until he is compelled to retire 

 from the unequal contest, whereupon those rivals, rid of the compe- 

 tition, resume a monopoly control of our market, raise their prices, 



