CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Preface iii 



Introductory xi 



I. Systematic Position of Venomous Snakes 1-3 



II. Morphology of Venomous Snakes 4~ 45 



Family Colubridae 4 



Opisthoglypha 4 



Subfamily Dispsadomorphinae 4 



Subfamily Elachistodontinae 10 



Subfamily Homalopsinse 10 



Proteroglypha 1 1 



Subfamily Elapinae 1 1 



Subfamily Hydrophiinae 26 



Family Viperidae 29 



Subfamily Viperinae 30 



Subfamily Crotalinae 35 



III. Phylogeny of Venomous Snakes 46-51 



IV. Geographical Distribution of Venomous Snakes 52-57 



V. Poison Apparatus of Venomous Snakes 58-69 



Poison Fangs 58 



Poison Glands 59 



The Process of Secretion of Venom 63 



Dynamics of the Function of Poison Apparatus 64 



The Bite 67 



VI. Toxic Secretions of Venomous Snakes 70-76 



Amounts of Venom Secreted 70 



Toxicity of Snake Venom 71 



Mortality Caused 75 



VII. Physical and Chemical Properties of Snake Venom 77~93 



Chemical Nature of Snake Venom 79 



VIII. Effects of Various Physical and Chemical Agents upon Snake Venom .... 94-102 



Effects of Physical Agents 94 



Effects of Various Chemicals 96 



IX. Effects of Ferments upon Snake Venom 103-105 



X. Symptoms of Venom Poisoning in man 106-112 



The Viperidae 106 



Crotalus Poisoning in Man 106 



Lachesis Poisoning in Man 108 



Daboia Poisoning in Man 108 



Echis carinata Poisoning in Man 109 



Vipera berus Poisoning in Man 109 



The Colubridae no 



Cobra Poisoning in Man no 



Bungarus ccertdeus Poisoning in Man no 



Bite of Australian Species of Snakes no 



Elaps fulvius Poisoning in Man n i 



Post-mortem Examination n i 



Various Symptoms of Snake Poisoning Encountered in Man 112 



XI. Experimental Venom Poisoning in Animals 113-1 23 



The Viperidae "3 



Crotalus adamanteus 113 



Ancistrodon 115 



Lachesis 115 



Vipera 116 



Echis 1 18 



Colubridae 1 18 



Naja 1 18 



v 



