borer, cigar-case borer, apple-seed chalcis fly, and others have been car- 

 ried to completion and helpful methods of control have been devised. 



In 1900 there were approximately 15 million bearing apple trees in 

 New York that produced over 24 million bushels of apples. Spraying 

 for the codling moth is so universal and so effective in increasing the 

 quantity and quality of marketable apples that if we were so conserva- 

 tive as to estimate an increased average income from each tree through 

 spraying to be 25c, we should have a profit of more than $3,000,000 

 accruing to New York apple-growers each year through the control of 

 this one insect as a result of the application of the arsenical sprays. The 

 first spray calendar ever published was prepared in the Department of 

 Entomology, and was of great service in diffusing exact knowledge of 

 the use of sprays against this and other pests. 



Control of plant diseases. Very marked advance has been made 

 in the control of many of the serious diseases which affect economic 

 plants in this state. The following are a few of the most suggestive of 

 these investigations : 



1st. Black rot of grapes. Black rot is the most serious disease of 

 grapes present in the State. The grape crop in the State is valued at 

 $2,763,711. It has been found that the key to the control of this disease 

 is to spray before the rains and not after rains. The discovery and 

 demonstration of this fact alone is worth many hundreds of thousands 

 of dollars to grape-growers of the State. 



2nd. Bean pod spot has been a very serious interruption to the 

 bean industry, the annual crop of which in the State is valued at $2,- 

 472,668. It has been found that this disease can be practically con- 

 trolled by the hand selection of pods free from the disease for seed the 

 next year. This simple method will save the industry in this State. 



3rd. Pear blight. This disease, which causes extensive damage to 

 the fruit industries of the State, it has been found, can be practically 

 controlled- by systematic inspection, removal and disinfection of dis- 

 eased parts. The demonstration of this method of control will save the 

 pear-growing industry of the State much money. 



4th. Apple scab. The control of this disease, which means so much 

 to the successful prosecution of the apple industry, has heretofore been 

 effected by the use of Bordeaux mixture, which frequently causes injury 

 to the fruit. It has been demonstrated that lime-sulphur solution can be 

 used as a substitute for Bordeaux, is just as effective in controlling the 

 disease, and does not cause the fruit-injury produced by Bordeaux. It 

 is believed that this discovery alone is worth more to the growers of the 



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