such land we have had an example in that part of the rotation 

 field at Rothamsted from which the whole of the crops have 

 been removed for many years without the application of any 

 nitrogenous manure. On the land in this class everything 

 which makes either for the improvement or deterioration of 

 the soil produces its largest effect. It is on such soil that 

 the landlord must be most particular that roots and hay are 

 not sold without full compensation being made. On such 

 soils the referee may employ, without hesitation, his highest 

 scale of valuation. All manures, indeed, produce their greatest 

 effect when the land is very deficient in those substances which 

 the manure supplies. Not only then is it for the general good 

 of the country that encouragement should be given to every 

 judicious effort to improve the fertility of poor land; it is 

 also a fact, to which there are few exceptions, 1 that any 

 residues of manure remaining in such land will yield a greater 

 return to the next tenant than in the case of a rich soil. 



The second class of farms includes the majority of those 

 in this country. They consist of land which, when well 

 cultivated and kept clean, may yield remunerative crops with- 

 out much expenditure in purchased foods or manures, but 

 which will yield larger, but still remunerative, crops under a 

 higher condition of farming. It is not unusual to see farms 

 standing side by side, and having the same quality of soil, 

 which, nevertheless, exhibit a great variety in condition 

 according to the style of farming adopted. The valuation of 

 the residues of manures, in the case of farms in this class, 

 will exercise to the full all the skill which the valuer possesses. 

 The compensation to be made to the retiring tenant must not 

 be measured by the quantity or cost of the imported manures, 

 but by the substantial benefit which they will confer on his 

 successor ; the scale of valuation will thus vary according to 

 the circumstances of each case. 



Our third class is that of farms on fair soil to which exces- 

 sive quantities of manure have been applied, the land containing, 

 in consequence, more manure than can be turned to profitable 



1 A soil must clearly have some retentive power to establish a claim to 

 compensation. In the case of a coarse gravel, a referee is not likely to place 

 a high value on manure residues. 



