188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



1816. Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. iv. 20 : employs it for malvse 



and others. 

 1816. Hiibn., Verz. 25 : uses it for various Vestales, following Fabri- 



cius' own tardy limitation, although not in precisely the 



same sense. 



1820. Billb., Enum. Ins. 81 : some Urbicolae, among them malvoe. 

 1820. Oken, Naturg. f. Schulen, 788 : employs it for some Ephori. 

 1820-21. Swains., Zool. 111. i. i. 28 : specifies comma as the type, but 



erroneously. 

 1833. Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 442: also designates comma as the 



type. 

 1837. Sodoffsk., Bull. Mosc. x. 82 : proposes to supplant this name by 



Symmachia (q. v.). 

 1840. Eamb., Faun. Ent. Andal. 312 [probably unpublished] : uses 



it for a number of species, including malvae (Alveolus). 

 1852. Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep. 525 : employs it for a heterogeneous 



group of Urbicolae, not including malvae. 

 1858. Ramb., Cat. Lep. Andal. 88: limits it wrongly to Nostro- 



damus (Nostradamus). 

 1858. Kirb., Cat. Brit. Rhop. : limits it to comma. 



1869. Bud., Cat. Fabr. Lep. 269: employs it for exclamationis and 



others, but not for malvae. 



1870. Ib., Ent. Monthl. Mag. vii. 58 : specifies exclamationis as the 



type, erroneously.* 



1870. Kirb., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. x. 500 : says that Proteus seems 

 to be Latreille's type, and Alcides that of Fabricius. 



* Butler (Lep. Exot. 166, note) says of Hesperia: "Fabricius described the 

 genus in his Entoraologia Systematica, vol. iii., Gloss. 1, p. 325 (1798), and 

 gave no type, but used the following words in his description ' Antennas clava 

 elongata, sa?pius uncinata.' These words at once fix the type as somewhere 

 amongst the Hesperice urbicolce (notwithstanding the fact that, in his Systema 

 Glossatorum, Fabricius refers it to the rurales). The Hesperia of Cuvier has for 

 its type //. Malvce (as Mr. Crotch has pointed out, Cist. Ent. p. 62) ; but Pyrgus 

 Malvce (of all the Hesperice urbicolce) is about the worst to have chosen as the 

 type, for it does not Jit the Fabrician description. Therefore it is clear that P. 

 Malvce could not have crossed the mind of Fabricius when he penned his descrip- 

 tion, and cannot be his type : later authors have referred the dark-coloured species 

 ofPamphUa and Carystus to Hesperia, evidently taking //. Exclamationis as the 

 type, it being the first species which he describes under his urbicolce; but as //. 

 Exclamationis turns out to be an Ismene, and not, as formerly supposed, a Pam- 

 phila, I have taken /. Exclamationis as the type. The first of the Hesperus 

 Rurales is a species of the family Erycinidae." 



