OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 211 



1829. Horsf., Descr. Cat. Lep. E. Ind. Co. 141 : uses it as a subdi- 

 vision of Pontia, assigning to it three species which have 

 intimate connection with the above. 



1840. Westw., Gen. Syn. 87 : specifies cardamines as type. 



1852. Renn., Consp. 4: follows Stephens. 



1850. Steph., Cat. Brit. Lep. 5 : restricts it still further to Daplidice. 

 See also Ganoris, Pontia, and Pieris. 



655. MANIOLA. 



1801. Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. i. 152, 170: I. Galathea (Galatsea), 

 JEgeria, Megaera, MaBra, Dejanira, Medea, Ligea, Me- 

 dusa, Jurtina (Lemur), Epiphron (Egea),Manto (Baucis), 

 Hyperanthus, Arcania (Arcanius), Hero, Typhon (Ti- 

 phon), Pamphilus, Iphis (Manto), Semele, Phaedra, 

 Briseis (Briseis, Janthe), Hermione, Circe (Proserpina); 

 II. Iris (Iris, Jole), Ilia (Julia, Ilia, Clytie). 



1815. Oken, Lehrb. i. 732 : employs it for Iris and Ilia. 



1816. Hiibn., Verz. 64: uses it for Afer (Phegea) and Phryne, both 



Satyrids, but neither of them specified by Schrank. 

 The former, however, is congeneric with those of Schrank's species, 

 for which the name Erebia must be used by the earlier action of Dai- 

 man. Hence Hiibner's action has no effect upon Schrank's genus. 

 1829. Meig., Eur. Schmett. i. 104 : employs it for Briseis and very 



many others. 



All his Satyrids are included, excepting those placed by him in 

 Melanargia (Agapetes) : comprising, among others, Jurtina, which may 

 be taken as the type. Excluding the second section of Schrank's 

 genus, which belongs to Potamis, there are no less than ten genera 

 represented by the species enumerated in his list. Of these genera, one 

 (Agapetes) was taken out by Billberg, in 1820 ; one (Erebia) by Dai- 

 man, in 1816 ; and one (Hipparchia), through the action of various 

 writers, in 1820. Most of the others are taken up by Hiibner's generic 

 names, so that the choice finally lies between the present group repre- 

 sented by Jurtina, and that for which we have restricted Nytha (q. v.). 

 1859. Hein., Schmett. Deutschl. u. Schweiz, i. 26 : Dejanira. 



But this has belonged to Pararge from its foundation. 

 1871. Kirb., Syn. Cat. 57 : considers it the same as Erebia. 



656. MAKICA.* 



1816. Hiibn., Verz. 63: Stygne [also given by Hiibner in the same 



work, in his genus Phorcis], Nelo. 



The name falls before Erebia. See also Gorgo, Syngea, Phorcis, 

 Epigea, and Oreina. 



