240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



1810. Latr., Consid. 440 : specifies Machaon as the type, but, of 

 course, erroneously. 



1815. Oken, Lehrb. i. 722: makes this one of his groups of Emesis, 



and refers to it Melander (one of the Vestales). See 

 also Pieris. 



1816. Hiibn., Verz. : makes no use of it whatever. 



1832-33. Swains. Zool. 111. ii. 95: considers Memnon a "pre- 

 eminently typical" species. 



1836. Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 578: specifies Podalirius as the type. 

 1840. Westw., Gen. Syn. 87 : specifies Machaon as the type. 

 1864. Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. 60, 62 : separates the swallow- 

 tails into several genera, retaining Papilio for one of the 

 groups, including Memnon, Machaon, Thoas, Glaucus 

 (Turnus), etc. 

 1872. Crotch, Cist. Ent. i. 60 : says that Cuvier, in 1799, marked 



Machaon as the type. 



But nothing can be found in the Tableau Elementaire to warrant 

 such a statement. Cuvier places all the butterflies under Papilio, 

 dividing it into sections, to which the names Nymphales, Danai, Par- 

 nassii, Heliconii, Equites, and Plebeii are given ; and under Equites he 

 gives "P. Machaon" as an example or type. Certainly, from the con- 

 tents of Cuvier's work, there is no more reason for selecting this as 

 type than "P. Antiopa," which is the first example given under the 

 Nymphales. 

 1872. Scucld., Syst. Rev. 13 : specifies Antiopa as the type. 



See Scudderia, Amaryssus, Princeps, Iphiclides, and Iliades. 



805. PARAMACERA. 



1868 (Feb.). Butl., Ent. Monthl. Mag. iv. 194 : Conhiera (a MS. spe- 

 cies) given as type. No species whatever are described. 



1868. Ib., Cat. Sat. 98: Xicaque. Sole species, and therefore type. 



Probably Butler found his Conhiera to be synonymous with Reakirt's 

 Xicaque, and therefore simply suppressed his own name ; but it would 

 have been well to have simply stated the fact, if it were so. 



806. PARAMIMUS. 



1816. Hiibn., Verz. 115 : Scurra, Talaus, Eumelus. 



1869. Herr. Schaeff., Prodr. iii. 52 : without mention of species. 



1870. Butl,, Ent. Monthl. Mag. vii. 97 : specifies Scurra as type. 



807. PARAPLESIA.* 



1862. Feld., Wien. Ent. Monatschr. vi. 26: Adelma. Sole species, ( 



and therefore type. 

 According to Felder, this name is preoccupied. See Isodema. 



