OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 251 



1816. Lara., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. iv. 30 : brassicse and others, 



including rapse. 



1816. Hiibn., Verz. 53 : employs it for species of another family. 

 1827. Steph., 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. i. 25: restricts it to crata3gi, but 



improperly. See Aporia. 



1831. Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 360 : also specifies crataegi as type. 

 1832-33. Swains., Zool. 111. ii. 69: designates Belisama as type; but 



it is not even one of Schrank's species. 

 1836. Boisd., Spec. gen. 434: employs it for all of Schrank's third 



group, excepting sinapis and cardamines, and this has 



been its general use ever since. 



Since all of the other species given by Schrank must be taken as types 

 of other genera (see Aporia, Mancipium, Pontia, Euchloe, and Leptidia), 

 rapse may be taken as the type, as it is virtually included in the group 

 by Latreille in 1809. This, too, would best accord with modern usage. 



1840. Westw., Gen. Syn. 87 : also specifies crataegi as type. 



1870. Butl., Cist. Ent. i. 37, 49 : considers Demophile (Amathonte) 



as type. This, he says, is the type of Boisduval's Pieris 

 [it was simply his first species] ; Apollo, that of Schrank's ; 

 Leucippe, that of Latreille and Godart; he adopts Demo- 

 phile, because " we ought to have a genus Pieris in the 

 Pierinas." But it was not mentioned by Schrank. 

 1872. Scudd., Syst. Rev. 41 : specifies brassicse as type, erroneously. 

 See Mancipium, Ganoris, and Catophaga. 



872. PIERITES* (fossil). 

 1849. Herr, Insektenf. Oening. ii. 182 : Freyeri. Sole species, and 



therefore type. 



Falls before Synchloe, with which it is synonymous. In 1840 a 

 group of butterflies was named Pierites by Blanehard and Brulle ; but 

 it would hardly affect this, for the name is not Latin, but a Gallicized 

 form of Latin. 



873. PlNDIS. 



1869. Feld., Verhandl. Zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien. xix. 475 : squa- 

 mistriga. Sole species, and therefore type. 



1871. Kirb., Syn. Cat. 108: the same. 



874. PISOLA. 

 1865. Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 785 : Zennara. Sole species, 



and therefore type. 

 1871. Kirb., Syn. Cat. 583 : the same. 



