CARNIVOROUS QUADRUPEDS. 53 



Fig. 34. Wolf. 



the Atlantic coast, and they were not wholly extermin- 

 ated till recently. The story of Putnam and the Wolf 

 is familiar to every one. They were extirpated in En- 

 gland about 1350, in Scotland in 1600, and Ireland in 

 1700. They still abound in various parts of Europe and 

 Northern Asia, and destroy great numbers of domesti- 

 cated animals, as is shown by a report made in 1822 to 

 the Russian government in regard to the district of Li- 

 vonia, a tract of country about 250 miles long by 15.0 

 broad. The animals stated as having been destroyed by 

 wolves are as follows : horses, 1841 ; cattle, 1807 ; calves, 

 733 ; sheep, 15,182 ; lambs, 726 ; goats, 2545 ; kids, 183 ; 

 swine, 4190 ; young pigs, 312 ; dogs, 703 ; geese, 673 ; 

 fowls, 1243. The Wolf is a gaunt but strong animal, 

 with a skulking gait, and his aspect is marked by min- 

 gled ferocity, cunning, and cowardice. There are sev- 

 eral species of wolves, especially in America, but their 

 habits and character are very much the same. 



84. The Fox, Fig. 35 (p. 54), is characterized chiefly 

 by its pointed muzzle and its bushy tail. Its cunning is 

 also proverbial. It is usually concealed in the daytime 

 either in a burrow that it has made, or in one that it has 



