12 THE MODERN UNIVERSITY MOVEMENT 



imply that they are no longer arts, or that to call a man an 

 artist in his work is not still the highest term of praise. All I say 

 is, that the arts of industry and commerce have now a recogniz- 

 able scientific basis, and that no man can now be held to be 

 fully equipped for their pursuit unless he is familiar with the 

 sciences that underly and suffuse them. 



We may look upon this from a utilitarian standpoint ; we 

 may instance the great fortunes that have been made by men 

 who have known how to turn science to practical account ; we 

 may point to industries which have prospered and industries 

 which have languished, in proportion to the attention which 

 has been given to their scientific basis. But we may look 

 upon it also in another way. If we believe in the dignity of 

 labour, if we wish to see in it something more than the earning 

 of a wage or the accumulation of a fortune, we shall seek to 

 ennoble it in every way we can, to shed upon it all the light 

 that science and learning can afford, and to ensure that it 

 shall be elevated by the delight which comes from the exercise 

 of a trained understanding. 



Many things have contributed to the establishment of the 

 new universities. The most important that I Have not yet 

 mentioned has been the great growth of popular education, 

 the construction of that much talked of ladder which begins 

 in the elementary school. The towns have been producing an 

 ever-increasing number of young people who have had the 

 capacity, the training, and the inclination for higher study, and 

 who, from lack of means, have required that it should be 

 supplied at their door. The great demand for school teachers 

 has added incidentally to the urgency of this need. 



It is, I think, easy to see how we have come into being. 

 The causes already named ; the existence of religious tests 

 at the old universities ; the tardy cultivation of natural 

 science there ; the great expansion of industries and their 

 interpenetration with science ; the growth of popular education 



