INTRODUCTORY 11 



The surface of Mars is a universal desert, else the 

 surface could not show the markings of the "canals'' 

 all over it. 



On the, contrary, his surface is mainly 

 ocean, else the snow-caps., which arc very ex- 

 t en sire and disappear every season, could not 

 possibly so form and disappear. The surface 

 wf/rfc.s can read ill/ be accounted for by xuppox- 

 in<) the ocean* to be extensively frozen over and 

 seasonal changes to occur on the crust. Tidal 

 irares of t/ia ir-irater sweeping orcr this smooth 

 crust and iruxliiny up the icy detritus can ex- 

 plain Hie regularity of these marks; and aJter- 

 natiuf/ snou'falls and, thairs the color trans- 

 formations. 



The moon's surface is exceedingly roni>h because 

 volcanic. Its oceans have evaporated into space. Its 

 atmosphere has been absorbed by volcanic rock. 



The moon's oceans hare bc<*n completely 

 transformed- into SNOW. tfnoir covers every 

 inch >>f land, building upon- it plateaus, moun- 

 tarns, craters, etc., according to u'hether the 

 natural surface is plain, island, pond, or lake. 

 The fiirrri'x arc th<' irater-basins, irhose orig- 

 inal contents hare floirn to the land on snoir 

 irintfs. The loir-relief formations are also of 

 snoir, on the sea bottoms last -uncovered. THE 



. AKSENCE OF VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE IS 

 EXPLAINED KY THE WELL-KNOWN LAW OF 

 PHYSICS, WHICH SAYS, NO VAPOR CAN ARISE 

 FROM A CRYSTALLINE ICE OR SNOW SURFACE. 



Assuming that the lunar nic/lit recurrently 

 (/laciatcs the surface COMPLETELY, and- that 

 the suu by day fails to penetrate doum to 



