AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 273 



Workmen as a rule in this monarchy are usually steady and methodi- 

 cal iu their labor, but do not work as energetically as the American 

 workman. 



HOW THE WORK PEOPLE LIVE. 



They are industrious, but fond of amusement, and are too often in- 

 terrupted by the numerous holidays observed here. Their homes are 

 far from comfortable. There are few houses inhabited by a single 

 family, generally one house shelters from eight to twelve families ; over- 

 crowding is great in these dwellings, and morality is affected by it. On 

 account of the dearuess of the land, there is a scarcity of small houses 

 suitable for a single family. The dress of . the workman is tolerably 



good. 



.Much wine and beer are consumed by the lower classes, though 



drunkenness does not prevail to a great extent. Since the great battle 

 between capital and labor has begun, the condition of the laboring 

 classes of this monarchy has been visibly and, I trust, permanently im- 

 proved, although there is great room for improvement in wages in this 

 special line of business. 



WOMEN WORKERS. 



A great deal of heavy work here is done by women of all ages, not 

 only in carpet factories, but in the open air, such as sawing wood, mak- 

 ing and carrying mortar in buckets, and hauling the brick used in build- 

 ing. The wages they earn are 40 cents per day. In the carpet manu- 

 factories only a very small percentage of the workmen are employed at 

 their homes. 



HOW THE INDUSTRY IS CONDUCTED. 



In three factories dyeing, spinning, and weaving are combined, but 

 colored carpet- warp in the Bohemian factories of the firms of T. Ginsky 

 and Aubin Protzen & Co., is obtained from other countries. The other 

 establishments limit themselves to the weaving and finishing of carpets. 



HOW THE PRODUCT IS MARKETED. 



The manufacturer has large warerooms in the prominent cities, from 

 whence the goods are retailed to the consumer direct; for instance, the 

 linn of Philipp Haas & Sons, of Vienna, has large retail establishments 

 in the following cities : Budapest, Prague, Graz, Liuz, Lemberg, Bu- 

 charest, Milan, Home, Naples, and Genoa. They also employ traveling 

 men who canvass the country. 



In a few instances, especially in the smaller concerns, commission 

 agents and jobbers market the product of the carpet manufacturers in 

 conjunction with other goods, such as furniture, house-furnishing goods 

 in general, dry goods, etc. 



