S\\TJ/KRL\ND AND H'KKKY IN ASIA. 307 



SWITZERLAND. 



REPORT BY CONSUL-GENERAL WASHBURN, OF JiERNE. 



In answer to your circular of Juue 10, 1889, I have instituted careful 

 inquiry into the subject of carpet manufacture in Switzerland. The 

 result is well expressed in a letter on the subject from the " Union Suisse 

 du Commerce et de FIndustrie," whose headquarters are at Zurich, of 

 which the following is a free translation : 



Your honored communication of the 28th ultimo has led us to make inquiries which 

 enable us to state that carpet manufacturing is not carried on in Switzerland. Never- 

 theless, some years ago attempts were made in the neighborhood of St. Galle to in- 

 troduce the industry of carpet- weaving, but with no permanent result. In any case, 

 any efforts in this direction which may still exist are not worth naming. 



JOHN D. WASHBURN, 



Consul- Genera I. 

 UNITED STATES CONSULATE-GENERAL, 



Berne, July 9, 1889. 



TURKEY IN ASIA. 



ASIA MINOR. 



REPORT BT CttXsn. EMMKT, OF SMYRNA. 



Factories. There are no factories, mills, or distinct establishments 

 properly so-called in the districts of Asia Minor where carpets are 

 woven. 



Looms. Nearly every house at Ushak, Ghiordes, and Coula has a 

 loom ; some have even two or three. These belong to the owners of the 

 houses themselves. The weavers are all women and girls. The mis- 

 tress of the house superintends the work of her daughters, or hired 

 journey women and apprentices. The looms are of wood, roughly fash- 

 ioned. A vertical or slightly inclined frame supports two horizontal 

 rollers about five feet apart; the warp divided into two sets of strands 

 by leashes fastened to a horizontal pole is wound around the upper 

 roller and the ends secured to the lower one, from which the work is 

 begun, and on which the carpet is rolled in the process of manufacture. 



The weavers kneel or sit cross-legged to their work side by side, each 

 taking about two feet of carpet width. The tufts that form the pil? 

 and pattern are tied to the warp in rows, and the woof is passed ovor 

 with the hand after every row without the help of a shuttle; the pile 

 and woof being then driven together or beaten down with a heavy 

 wooden comb, and the tufts clipped smooth with shears of native make. 



Above the weavers are suspended the bobbins of colored yarn iron 



