308 CARPET MANUFACTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



which the pile tufts are cut. There are now from 800 to 900 looms at 

 Ushak, all worked by private owners in the court-yards or main room 

 of their houses. 



At Ghiordes the number of looms is estimated to be about 300; at 

 Coula, to be about 200. 



GRADES OF CARPETS PRODUCED. 



The proportion at Ushak is 70 per cent, fully of carpets to 30 per 

 cent, of rugs and mats. The carpets vary in size from 12 feet by 9 

 feet to 50 feet by 25 feet, and in a few exceptional instances more. For 

 a very large carpet, exceeding the last-mentioned dimension, a special 

 loom would have to be constructed. 



The mats and rugs vary in size from 2 feet 9 inches by 1 foot 6 inches, 

 to 11 feet by 8 feet. 



At Ghiordes it is estimated that the manufacture of carpets and 

 lugs is about the same as at Ushak, while at Coula the proportion of 

 mats and rugs is much larger, and it would not be an overestimate to 

 say that 80 per cent, of rugs and mats to 20 per cent, of carpets is the 

 correct output of that section. The bulk of the looms at Coula are not 

 wider than 5 to 7 feet. 



LABOR AND WAGES. 



At Ushak, the number employed in the manufacture of carpets and 

 rugs, including the dyers, is from 5,000 to 6,000. At Ghiordes and 

 and Coula the number varies from 1,500 to 2,000 hands each. Forty- 

 four rows of pile are considered an average day's work, for which 

 an ordinary weaver gets about 8 to 10 cents a day. Hours of labor 

 from seven to eight per day, according to the season of the year. The 

 weavers live in the most frugal manner; a meal consisting of bread, 

 cheese, and a raw onion, is considered a good one. The number of 

 hands at work varies according to the season, as many work in the 

 fields in summer and manufacture carpets in winter. 



CONDITION OF THE INDUSTRY. 



At Ushak the dyeing, save in rare instances, is no longer performed 

 by the weavers themselves, as in former times, but is carried &n by a 

 separate class (of men). Spinning is carried on by elderly women at 

 odd moments, when not occupied with their household duties. The 

 yarn is loosely spun, so as to allow the fibers to mix slightly together 

 in the pattern and present a blended appearance. The washing of the 

 wool is performed by men in the streams and combed and spun by 

 women. 



The bulk of the wool is spun in the outlying villages of Ushak, etc. 



At Ghiordes the division of labor is similar to that of Ushak, while 

 at Coula the spinning and dyeing is usually done by the weavers them- 



